European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) can be transmitted from Daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. EBLV-2 has been repeatedly isolated from Daubenton's bats in the UK but appears to be present at a low level within the native bat population. This has prompted us to investigate the disease in its natural host under experimental conditions, to assess its virulence, dissemination and lik...

There is nowadays no single fully satisfactory method for VOC removal from indoor air due to the difficulties linked to the very low concentration (microg m(-3) range), diversity, and variability at which VOCs are typically found in the indoor environment. Although biological methods have shown a certain potential for this purpose, the specific characteristic of indoor air and the indoor air en...

We investigated the capacity of intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with heterologous-host rotavirus (simian strain RRV) to induce mucosal virus-specific memory B cells in mice. We found that prior i.m. immunization enhanced the magnitude of mucosal virus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) production but did not alter the site and timing of induction of virus-specific IgA responses after challenge.

Prophylactic vaccination using live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines has been a very effective method to control the disease in endemic regions and during outbreaks in previously disease-free areas. These vaccines confer effective protection against the disease at early times post-vaccination although the mechanisms mediating the protection are poorly characterized. Here we prese...

In order to study the pathogenesis of B virus infection of the nervous system, newborn and young mice were inoculated by four different routes: 1. Intramuscular (i.m.) in the forelimb; 2. I.m. in the hindlimb; 3. Subcutaneous (s.c.) in the abdominal wall; 4. Intraperitoneal (i.p.). Spread of virus was followed by immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigen in tissue sections of the perip...

Historically, vaccine safety assessments have been conducted by animal testing (e.g., quality control tests and adjuvant development). However, classical evaluation methods do not provide sufficient information to make treatment decisions. We previously identified biomarker genes as novel safety markers. Here, we developed a practical safety assessment system used to evaluate the intramuscular,...

Establishment of infection of animals with a viral clone will be important for investigating viral determinants of pathogenesis and monitoring sequence changes in the viral genome in vivo and may find utility as a means of immunization with live-attenuated virus. To test the efficiency of intramuscular (i.m.) injection of cloned proviral plasmid DNA for establishing feline immunodeficiency viru...

The phenomenon of eosinophilia was studied in rats using inoculation with Trichinella larvae as the experimental stimulus. Comparisons were made between the eosinophil response accompanying active infestation via the gastrointestinal tract and that resulting from parenteral inoculation of larvae or their products. A vigorous eosinophilia could be provoked by a single intravenous injection of in...