A. Das contribution is estimated to lie between 5% and 28% intracortical excitatory and inhibitory connections provide the rest. Other models were therefore proposed for orientation selectivity, with intracortical connections playing a more significant role. These models started A recent report by David Ferster and colleagues (1996) with the assumption that the RFs of LGN neurons provid-provide...

Although the developmental maturation of cortical inhibitory synapses is known to be a critical factor in gating the onset of critical period (CP) for experience-dependent cortical plasticity, how synaptic transmission dynamics of other cortical synapses are regulated during the transition to CP remains unknown. Here, by systematically examining various intracortical synapses within layer 4 of ...

Despite being substantially outnumbered by intracortical inputs on thalamorecipient neurons, thalamocortical projections efficiently deliver acoustic information to the auditory cortex. We hypothesized that thalamic projections may achieve effectiveness by forming synapses at optimal locations on dendritic trees of cortical neurons. Using two-photon calcium imaging in dendritic spines, we const...

The sensorimotor cortices of the human brain contain intracortical inhibitory circuits that influence the neural output to muscles. Intracortical circuits of short and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) can be probed using paired-pulse TMS paradigms while recording activity from the muscles. We recently identified changes in SICI and LICI within the motor cortex in individua...

Osteocytes and their lacunocanalicular network have been identified as the regulator of bone quality and function by exerting extensive influence over metabolic processes, mechanical adaptation, and mineral homeostasis. Recent research has shown that osteocyte apoptosis leads to a decrease in bone quality and increase in bone fragility mediated through its effects on remodeling. The purpose of ...

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely acknowledged effective treatment for severe major depression. ECT produces considerable anticonvulsant effects that may be related to an increased GABA-ergic neurotransmission. We aimed to explore whether motor cortical excitability as assessed with single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be used to investigate these anti...

Neurons in the primary visual cortex are selective for the direction of movement of a visual stimulus. Like other stimulus features, direction preference is mapped on the cortical surface in a systematic manner. Intracortical synaptic circuits, in particular inhibitory connections, have been implicated in the emergence of direction selectivity. Whether intracortical inhibition specifically supp...

Some types of epileptic seizures involve both thalamus and cerebral cortex, while other types can be evoked in the cerebral cortex without thalamic participation. We investigated the possible role of low-threshold spike (LTS) cortical neurons in the genesis of these intracortical seizures. We found LTS cortical neurons in cat area 5}7 in vivo, the properties of which could be modeled based on r...