Dens invaginatus (DI) is a malformation of teeth probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. DI is classified as type I, II, and III by Oehlers depending on the severity of malformation. The maxillary lateral incisor is the most commonly affected tooth. Structural defects do exist in the depth of the invagination pits, and as a consequence, the early dev...

A method of recording incisor inclination is described using the Tooth inclination Protractor (TIP). This instrument was used to record incisor inclination on dental casts. The scores were related to traditionally determined inclinations for the upper incisor to maxillary plane and the lower incisor to mandibular plane from the lateral cephalometric radiograph. The TIP scores were closely relat...

A 20-year-old woman was referred suffering from occasional, spontaneous toothache around the maxillary right central incisor (UR1). This radiated to an area underneath the nose and varied in intensity, but could be sufficiently bad to disrupt normal activity, such as driving a car. She was unable to bite on the tooth without discomfort. When she was nine years old, she had tripped and fallen on...

The aim of this paper is to present the clinical and radiological outcome of the treatment involving a delayed tooth replantation after an avulsed immature permanent incisor, with a follow-up of 1 year and 6 months. An 8-year-old boy was referred after dental trauma that occurred on the previous day. The permanent maxillary right central incisor (tooth 11) had been avulsed. The tooth was hand-h...

AIM To present a case where a traumatized, immature tooth still showed capacity for continued root development and apexogenesis after root canal treatment was initiated based on an inaccurate pulpal diagnosis. SUMMARY Traumatic dental injuries may result in endodontic complications. Treatment strategies for traumatized, immature teeth should aim at preserving pulp vitality to ensure further r...

INTRODUCTION A triple antibiotic mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline was used as an intracanal medicament in an attempt to disinfect the root canal system for revascularization of a tooth with a necrotic pulp. However, discoloration developed after applying the triple antibiotic mixture. METHODS Six weeks after a triple antibiotic paste had been applied to the root canal ...

The optimal treatment for intruded permanent teeth has not yet been determined. The ideal treatment option is the one with the lowest probability of developing complications such as external root resorption and marginal bone loss. Each case should be considered individually, bearing in mind the severity of the intrusion, the stage of root development, and tooth mobility. Management of an intrud...

Dental injuries are probably the most common orofacial injuries sustained during sports and play. Intrusion or intrusive luxations occur when the teeth are driven into the alveolus by an axially directed impact. This article describes the clinical case of an 8-year-old patient who suffered complete intrusive luxation of an immature permanent central incisor following an accident. An attempt at ...

BACKGROUND Traumatic tooth avulsions occur most often in 7 to 9 year-old children. Replantation is considered the treatment of choice and follow-up is required in order to prevent possible complications. CASE REPORT A case of replantation of a maxillary immature incisor in a 9.2-year-old male is reported. Tooth 21 was stored in saliva, in the child's mouth, and it was replanted within 45 min ...

A revascularization procedure was shown to be the best alternative therapy for immature teeth with necrotic pulp and apical infection. A 12 year old female with a history of trauma to her upper central incisor and a sinus tract was referred for endodontic treatment. She was an active orthodontic patient and had undergone regenerative endodontic treatment for the past 2 years. Clinical examinati...