The electrochemical behaviour of lead electrode in hydrochloride solution containing variousoxo-anions at different concentrations was studied by using of cyclic voltammetry (CV) method.Results obtained show that the addition of these inorganic compounds decreases the anodic andcathodic currents peaks according to the following order: H2PO4- > HPO42-> SO42-. It’s revealedalso that the cathodic ...

The effect that cirrus clouds have upon the radiation emitted to space from the earth-atmosphere system is studied theoretically using a matrix method for computing the transfer of radiation in model cloud layers. The matrix method, which in essence is a generalization of a multi-streams approximation, is used to obtain the thermal radiation emitted by the clouds as well as their transmissiviti...

This paper focusses on the characteristics of persistent, thin single-layer mixed-phase clouds. We seek to answer two important questions: (i) how does ice continually nucleate and precipitate from these clouds, without the available ice nuclei becoming depleted? (ii) how do the supercooled liquid droplets persist in spite of the net flux of water vapour to the growing ice crystals? These quest...

the aim of this research is to report the results of testing of the pv-26 pyro-techniques materials and to report the operating conditions of a cloud and an aerosol chambers and also to introduce and describe these chambers of national research center of cloud seeding in iran for further researches. the effect of ice nuclei produced by pv-26 pyro-techniques on artificial clouds has been surveye...

Ultrasonic attenuation in crystals of ice Ih has been measured as functions of frequency (15 a 85 MHz) and temperature ( 8°C a O.l°C). Data were analyzed on the basis of vibrating string model of dislocation, and the following results have been obtained: Density of dislocations is on the order of 106 cm-*; pinning of dislocations may be due to impurity ions; dislocation density severely fluctua...

Climate has always been changing during the lifetime of the earth, and has appeared in the form of the ice age, hurricanes, severe and sudden temperature changes, precipitation and other climatic elements, and has dramatically influenced the environment, and in some cases has caused severe changes and even destructions. Some of the most important aspects of climate changes can be found in preci...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved in many organisms, allowing them to survive in cold climates by controlling ice crystal growth. The specific interactions of AFPs with ice determine their potential applications in agriculture, food preservation and medicine. AFPs control the shapes of ice crystals in a manner characteristic of the particular AFP type. Moderately active AFPs cause the formatio...

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of processing parameters, viz., incorporation of polysaccharide stabilizers, freezing rates, and storage times and temperatures on the microstructure of ice cream. As the freezing rate was reduced, ice crystals and air bubbles increased in size. However, quenchfreezing also contributed to poor texture; thus an optimum freezing rate exists...

Abstract. Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and radiation balance. Therefore, accurate description of ice initiation the atmosphere is great importance for weather prediction models climate simulations. Despite abundance crystals atmosphere, mechanisms their remain not well understood. There are two major sets atmosphere: primary nucleation secondary production. Se...