Na(x) is the sodium-level sensor of body fluids in the brain involved in sodium homeostasis. Na(x)-knockout mice do not stop ingesting salt even when dehydrated. Here we report a case with clinical features of essential hypernatremia without demonstrable hypothalamic structural lesions, who was diagnosed as a paraneoplastic neurologic disorder. The patient had autoantibodies directed against Na...

A 58-yr-old woman developed an extreme acute hypernatremia (serum sodium level 200 mmol/l) with generalized seizures and coma after a laparoscopic intervention for a liver hydatid cyst excision complicated by cyst rupture and followed by a peritoneal sterilization of the cyst content with 30% hypertonic saline solution. Hemodialysis was started with correction of hypernatremia at a speed of 1 m...

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common findings in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Sodium disorders are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are classified based on volume status (hypovolemia, euvolemia, and hypervolemia). Sodium dis...

OBJECTIVE Dysnatremia and altered hydration status are potentially serious conditions that have not been well studied in multistage ultramarathons. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) (Na+ <135 mmol·L-1) and hypernatremia (Na+ >145 mmol·L-1) and hydration status during a multistage ultramarathon. METHODS This study inv...

Carbon monoxide poisoning is common and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The nervous system, particularly the brain, is frequently affected by it, owing to its high metabolic activity and oxygen requirements. Carbon monoxide damages the nervous system by both hypoxic and inflammatory mechanisms. Central diabetes insipidus is an extremely rare complication of carbon monoxide poisonin...

Introduction In the brain-dead organ donors a number of hormonal changes occurs, reflecting anterior and posterior pituitary failure. There is an early development of diabetes insipidus in almost 80% of brain-dead organ donors, characterized by inappropriate diuresis, severe hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, and electrolyte abnormalities, such as hypernatremia and hyperchloremia. Hypernatremia and ...