The U.S patent system has been under attack for about a decade. One of the main justifications for changing the patent system has centered on the issue of patent quality. According to patent critics, patents are bad or low quality, justifying major changes to the patent examination and review system. I argue that patent quality is a proxy for attacking patent validity, which has a complex histo...

Background: Standard medical treatments for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure are, including indomethacin/ibuprofen and surgical ligation. Nowadays, a new strategy to close PDA is the use of paracetamol. The present study aimed to describe the use of intravenous (IV) paracetamol for PDA closure in neonates who present a contraindication to ibuprofen or ibuprofen failure with no possibility...

Among the research on patents, the applications of Patent Map to Patent Analysis have been gradually emphasized. For three years, the researchers have applied Patent Map Theory Model to establishing Patent Map System (PMS) assisting decision-makers in Patent Analysis. Based on the system requirements, relevant function components are planned, and UML technology is utilized for the design and es...

the patents’ term prolongation through protecting the new detected uses is the problematic matter that has been seriously attended by the developed countries in recent years. iranian legislators’ uncertainty toward the subject within the respective legislatures illustrates the legal importance of taking a stance, which is consistent with the primary principles of patent law and international ob...