Introduction: Appropriate thyroid hormone (TH) levels are essential during the critical period of brain development, which is associated with the growth of axons and dendrites and synapse formation. In rats, oral motor circuits begin to reach to their adult pattern around 3 weeks after birth, the period in which alteration from sucking to biting and chewing occurs (weaning time). Trigeminal ...

The cell surface and extracellular matrix polysaccharide, heparan sulfate (HS) conveys chemical information to control crucial biological processes. HS chains are synthesized in a non-template driven process mainly the Golgi apparatus, involving large number of enzymes capable subtly modifying its substitution pattern, hence, interactions effects. Changes localization HS-modifying throughout we...

T he Golgi apparatus, that part of the cell organelle responsible for processing macromolecules, is named after Camillo Golgi, a remarkable Italian scientist who became in 1906, history's sixth Nobel laureate in medicine. Born in Corteno, a small mountain village in Italy's Lombardy area on July 7, 1843, Bartolomeo Camillo Golgi had his early education in nearby Pavia. Italy, then under Austria...

Neuronal microtubules are stabilized by two calmodulin-regulated microtubule associated proteins, E-STOP and N-STOP, whose suppression in mice induces severe synaptic and behavioral deficits. Here we show that mature neurons also contain a 21 kD STOP-like protein, SL21, which shares calmodulin-binding and microtubulestabilizing homology domains with STOP proteins. Accordingly, in different bioc...

A monoclonal antibody (M3A5), raised against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), recognized an antigen associated with the Golgi complex in a variety of non-neuronal tissue culture cells. In double immunofluorescence studies M3A5 staining was very similar to that of specific Golgi markers, even after disruption of the Golgi apparatus organization with monensin or nocodazole. M3A5 recogniz...

We have obtained a hybridoma clone, JLJ5a, which secretes monospecific antibody directed against a 110-kdalton protein of gerbil fibroma cells, Rat-1 fibroblasts, and L6 myoblasts. It appears to be localized in the Golgi apparatus by the following criteria: (a) In double-staining experiments the localization of the 110-kdalton protein by the JLJ5a monoclonal antibody was coincident with the rea...

Neuronal microtubules are stabilized by two calmodulin-regulated microtubule-associated proteins, E-STOP and N-STOP, which when suppressed in mice induce severe synaptic and behavioral deficits. Here we show that mature neurons also contain a 21-kDa STOP-like protein, SL21, which shares calmodulin-binding and microtubule-stabilizing homology domains with STOP proteins. Accordingly, in different...

Rat liver Golgi membranes were washed with KCl and urea, and a polyclonal antiserum that stained the Golgi complex by immunofluorescence microscopy was raised. A group of proteins of apparent molecular mass 500 kDa, 200 kDa and 100 kDa were identified by immunoblotting with the antiserum, and were enriched in the Golgi membrane fraction. These proteins were also localised to the Golgi by immuno...

The post-translational modifications of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, described in the preceding paper, indicate that its transport is arrested by carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) in or near the trans-Golgi. Immunofluorescence microscopy of BHK-21 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and treated with CCCP shows an accumulation of G protein in the Golgi are...