In this article we investigate the statistical properties of wholesale electricity spot and futures prices traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange for delivery at the California–Oregon Border. Using daily data for the years 1998 and 1999, we find that many of the characteristics of the electricity market can be viewed to be broadly consistent with efficient markets. The futures risk premium ...

Abstract: This study analyzes two issues related to the GKO futures market in Russia in 1996 and 1997. First, we evaluate the existence of a risk premium in this market. We show its existence providing a functional form for the premium. The main result is that risk premium depends positively on the time before delivery of the futures contract. We provide anecdotal evidence in support of our res...

This essay focuses on the problem of hedging a long-term commitment to deliver a fixed amount of commodity, which often arises when the maturity of actively trading futures contracts on this commodity is limited to a few months. Problem is given and illustrated by real-world examples. Different hedging strategies are introduced. Finally, three stochastic pricing models proposed by Schwartz [17]...

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The sovereign debt crisis challenged investors in European government bonds to deal with volatile interest rate spreads. For managing sovereign risk, “Eurex” introduced futures contracts on Italian government bonds reflecting risks of lower rated countries. We analyze hedging strategies for bond portfolios with futures on German and Italian government bonds before and during the sovereign debt ...

All errors are my own responsibility. Abstract Motivated by economic models of sequential trade, empirical analyses of market dynamics in the U.S. equities market frequently estimate liquidity from regressions of price changes on transaction volumes, where the latter are signed (positive for buyer-initiated trades; negative for seller-initiated trades). This paper estimates these specifications...

Transactional memory (TM) [Herlihy and Moss 1993; Shavit and Touitou 1997] is one of the most promising paradigms to synchronize concurrent access to shared state. An extensive amount of work in the area of TM has focused on transaction execution models that assume that the operations of a transaction are issued sequentially. However, there are many cases where it may be beneficial to exploit c...

Derivatives are alternative financial instruments which extend traders opportunities to achieve some financial goals. They are risk management instruments that are related to a data in the future, and also they react to uncertain prices. Study on pricing futures can provide useful tools to understand the stochastic behavior of prices to manage the risk of price volatility. Thus, this study eval...

Several empirical studies report that asset liquidity has a significant impact on asset prices. For example, Amihud and Mendelson (1986), Silber (1991), Kadlec and McConnell (1994), and Brennan and Subrahmanyam (1996) report that stock prices are c.p. the lower, the lower stock liquidity is. For bond markets similar evidence is reported by Sarig and Warga (1989), Amihud and Mendelson (1991), Bo...