EU-IST Integrated Project (IP) IST-2003-506826 SEKT Deliverable D3.1.1.b (WP3.1) This document is an informal deliverable provided to SEKT partners. The main aim of this document is to provide an overview of existing research results and ongoing research in the are of ontology evolution. It further identifies relevant open research questions with respect to ontology evolution that will be addre...

ijtihad, jurisprudence in religion and imitation that is fojiowing a just religious leader in divine commandments, are fundamental issues in islamic society and are necessary for continuation of divine religion. this article turns to understanding the conception, necessity, beginning and evolution of ijtihad and imitation (taqlid), if s rational and traditional reasons using quran, and also ref...

Present work reports formation of Young’s double-slit interference fringes using the Young's own theory of diffraction called the theory of boundary diffraction wave. Theory demands that double-slit interference fringes are generated due to superposition of boundary diffraction waves originating from the edges of the slits due to their physical interaction with the incident light. The theoretic...

This short paper introduces some ideas for the application of Genetic Programming to the task of producing queries for the accurate retrieval of documents on a particular topic of interest. This application will involve expanding the initial query given by the user, using extra words that have various semantic relationships to the words of the original query via the use of a system such as Word...

A single-slope Salpeter IMF overpredicts the stellar M∗/LB ratio by about a factor of 2, which requires the IMF to be flatter below ∼ 1M⊙. On the other hand a Salpeter IMF for M > ∼ M⊙ predicts an evolution with redshift of the fundamental plane of ellipticals in clusters which is in agreement with the observations and a formation at z > ∼ 3 for these galaxies. A Salpeter IMF for 1 < ∼ M < ∼ 40...

We present deep spectroscopic data for a 24-object subsample of our full 41-object z ∼ 0.5 radio galaxy sample in order to investigate the evolution of the Fundamental Plane of radio galaxies.We find that the low-luminosity, FRI-type, radio galaxies in our sample are consistent with the local Fundamental Plane of radio galaxies defined by Bettoni et al. when corrected for simple passive evoluti...

This paper briefly justifies and outlines initial plans for an empirical investigation into the evolution of component-intensive software systems. Questions to be addressed include whether the findings and observations of traditional software evolution studies garnered over the last 30 years or so, and most recently as part of the FEAST projects, apply to and are relevant in the context of comp...

Most gravitational lenses are early-type galaxies in relatively low density environments – a " field " rather than a " cluster " population. Their average properties are the mass-averaged properties of all early-type galaxies. We show that field early-type galaxies with 0 < z < 1, as represented by the lens galaxies, lie on the same fundamental plane as those in rich clusters at similar redshif...

Most gravitational lens galaxies are early-type galaxies in relatively low density environments. We show that they lie on the same fundamental plane as early-type galaxies in both local and distant rich clusters. Their surface brightness evolution requires a typical star formation epoch of z f ≃ 2-3, almost indistinguishable from that of rich cluster galaxies at comparable redshifts. The restri...

New information has recently become available on the fundamental plane for various samples of early-type galaxies with redshift up to 1.3, both in clusters and in the field. This information is reviewed and clues are derived on the evolution of spheroids over the last two thirds of the Universe lifetime as a function of galaxy mass and environment, in comparison with the predictions of the hier...