BACKGROUND The organic acid producer Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus delemar are able to convert several alternative carbon sources to malic and fumaric acid. Thus, carbohydrate hydrolysates from lignocellulose separation are likely suitable as substrate for organic acid production with these fungi. RESULTS Before lignocellulose hydrolysate fractions were tested as substrates, experiments wit...

In a previous publication it was shown that succinic acid is rapidly oxidized by homogenized suspensions of chick kidney (1). In view of the fact that succinic acid is an important intermediate in tissue oxidat.ions (2-4) it seemed desirable to study some of the properties of the succinoxidase system by means of the new technique. Quastel and Woolridge (5), using the methylene blue technique, s...

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of supplementation of fumaric acid at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration in high-, medium-, and low-fiber wheat straw containing total mixed diets with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on rumen fermentation, methane production, and gas kinetics parameters. Three types of diets were prepared with dif...

THE TITLE COMPOUND (SYSTEMATIC NAME 2-{2-[4-(dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thia-zepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl 1-oxide]eth-oxy}ethanol-fumaric acid (2/1)), C(21)H(25)N(3)O(3)S·0.5C(4)H(4)O(4), is one of the oxidation products of quetiapine hemifumaric acid. In the tricyclic fragment, the central thia-zepine ring displays a boat conformation and the benzene rings are inclined to each other at a dihedral angle of...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(6)N(2)·0.5C(4)H(4)O(4), consists of one quinoline-2-carbonitrile mol-ecule and a half-mol-ecule of fumaric acid, which lies on an inversion center. The quinoline-2-carbonitrile mol-ecule is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.008 (1) Å. The acid and base are linked together via pairs of inter-molecular C-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, fo...

Pigs weaned at 21 d of age (n = 72) were fed a 20% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet (control) with 1.5% fumaric or 1.5% citric acid added to observe the effect of these acids on the pH, chloride ion concentration (Cl-), VFA profile, and microflora population in the stomach, jejunum, cecum, and lower colon contents at -2, 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d postweaning. Feeding organic acids had no appreciable...