Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient fluxes from un-sewered suburban landscapes pose a significant eutrophication risk to coastal waters. In unconsolidated coastal aquifers, nutrients recharged to groundwater undergo diffuse discharge to the coastline during SGD. Defining pathways of nutrient attenuation is required for land management professionals to take effective nutrient remediat...

Many countries have adopted or are considering incentive approaches to environmental regulation, such as tradable permit schemes to control pollution. Regulators influence the success of tradable permit programs by their choice of market rules and permit allocation mechanisms. This paper uses laboratory experiments to study how the transaction costs incurred by participants interact with the in...

The densities of most emitting species and gas temperature (Tg) are investigated in a nitrogen DC pulsed discharge. The discharge current and gas pressure are varied from 70 to 150 mA and 133 to 470 Pa, respectively. Tg is determined through rotational temperatures of first positive (1) and second positive (2) emission systems. These temperatures are deduced by comparison of simulated and measu...

To investigate the role of the seepage zone in transport, chemical speciation, and attenuation of nitrogen loads carried by submarine groundwater discharge, we collected nearshore groundwater samples (n 5 328) and examined the distribution and isotopic signature (d15N) of nitrate and ammonium. In addition, we estimated nutrient fluxes from terrestrial and marine groundwater sources. We discuss ...

This paper investigates the implications of U.S. withdrawal on environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, and the distribution of compliance costs taking into account market power of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) on emission permit markets. While exercise of market power on behalf of FSU under U.S. compliance has no environmental impact as compared to competitive permit trade, it prevent...

Nutrient removal in treatment wetlands declines during winter months due to temperature. A 3-mo (wintertime) mesocosm study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of alum in immobilizing P as well as other nutrients during this period of reduced treatment efficiency. Eighteen mesocosms, triplicate alum, and three controls or no alum were established with either Typha spp., Schoenoplectus ...

Implementation of effective policy instruments to reduce emissions from non-point agricultural sources has been challenging. Mussel farming the potential mitigate diffuse nitrogen losses production, and a Water Quality Trading Market (WQTM) between mussel farmers could potentially be an efficient mechanism. We simulate hypothetical WQTM in catchment northern Denmark using relatively new approac...

Non-point source pollution is widely considered a serious threat to drinking water. Eutrophication in Chinese watershed is mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorus output from agricultural source. Taihu Lake is a typical eutrophic lake in China, a basin representative for the study of the temporal-spatial characteristics of pollution loading of nitrogen and phosphorus to provide scientific basis f...