introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility, radiopacity and characterization analysis of three epoxy resin based sealers including two experimental sealers and ah-26. methods and materials: five samples of each material were evaluated for setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility and radiopacity according to iso 6876 stan...

Heat-flow sensing is expected to be an important technological component of smart thermal management in the future. Conventionally, the thermoelectric (TE) conversion technique, which is based on the Seebeck effect, has been used to measure a heat flow by converting the flow into electric voltage. However, for ubiquitous heat-flow visualization, thin and flexible sensors with extremely low ther...

Dynamics of a thin dewetting liquid film on a vertically oscillating substrate is considered. We assume moderate vibration frequency and large (compared to the mean film thickness) vibration amplitude. Using the lubrication approximation and the averaging method, we formulate the coupled sets of equations governing the pulsatile and the averaged fluid flows in the film, and then derive the nonl...

The DC electropolishing process has been applied to the sharpening of tungsten wires in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. Necking of tungsten anodes takes place in the vicinity of the electrolyte-air interface. This results in the creation of two separate wire parts with nanosharp tips. Using image analysis, we demonstrate that the products of electrochemical reactions on the wire surface form a film w...

Abatrati-An analysis is presented of a binary film with fog formation and a negligible induced velocity (traditionally referred to as “Stefan-Nusselt flow”). The governing equations of energy and diffusion, coupled with the saturation con@on, are solved and analytical correction factors are derived. Subsequently, the “negligible induced velocity” (NIV) fog film model is applied to channel flow,...

We analyze axisymmetric near-contact motion of two drops under the action of an external force or imposed flow. It is shown that the far-field stress generated in the near-contact region by the outer flow qualitatively affects drainage of the thin fluid film separating the drops. If this stress acts radially outward, exponential film drainage occurs. For a radially inward far-field stress, film...

An experimental investigation is conducted to examine the effects of operating conditions and channel size on the liquid film thickness of vapor bubbles in adiabatic air-water flows within the slug flow regime. Acrylic test sections are fabricated to contain a single microchannel of square cross-section with hydraulic diameters of 510 μm and 1020 μm. High-speed visualizations are used to map th...

The group-III elements, such as Al, Ga and In, are possible dopants for ZnO to improve the electric conductivity of ZnO thin film. Since Ga has lower cost than In and has higher oxidation resistance than Al, it becomes the preferred dopants for ZnO thin film for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) application. In the research, we used MOCVD method with Ga doping to prepare the Ga-doped ZnO thin ...