In this paper, we introduce the notion of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})− fuzzy subnear-ring which is a generalization of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy subnear-ring. We have given examples which are ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})−fuzzy ideals but they are not ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy ideals. We have also introduced the notions of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ ...

Nine Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated from fifteen intestinal content samples collected from commercial broilers which suffered from necrotic enteritis NE. Molecular typing of C. perfringens was performed by PCR using three sets of primers specific for toxin -producing genes of C. perfringens [alpha (900bp), beta (236bp) and epsilon (541bp)]. Six strains of C. perfringens type A an...

Clostridium perfringens type B and D strains cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in livestock after proliferating in the intestines and producing epsilon-toxin (ETX), alpha-toxin (CPA), and, usually, perfringolysin O (PFO). Although ETX is one of the most potent bacterial toxins, the regulation of ETX production by type B or D strains remains poorly understood. The present work determined that t...

The postsegregational killing system of pSM19035 plasmid consists of the proteins Zeta and Epsilon, a toxin and an antidote, respectively. Zeta mutants were isolated with the use of Bacillus subtilis strain with the zeta gene under control of an inducible promoter integrated into the chromosome. Results of mutant analysis point to the amino terminal part of the Zeta protein as being responsible...

Clostridium perfringens type B causes enteritis and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. By definition, these bacteria must produce alpha toxin (CPA), beta toxin (CPB) and epsilon toxin (ETX) although most type B strains also produce perfringolysin O (PFO) and beta2 toxin (CPB2). A recently identified Agr-like quorum-sensing (QS) system in C. perfringens controls all toxin production by surveyed ...