BACKGROUND Amiodarone (AMD) and its metabolite N-desethylamiodarone can cause some adverse effects, which include pulmonary toxicity. Some studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may play a role in these adverse effects. Catechin and epicatechin are recognized as important phenolic compounds with the ability to decrease oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this st...

Fem proteins are the essential structural proteins of various gram-positive bacteria. These are of three different types namely FemX (FmhB), FemA and FemB. Only two Fem protein crystallographic structures are available till date, one for FemA in Staphylococcus aureus and another for FemX in Weissella viridescensis. In this study, computational methods are used to evaluate interaction of FemA pr...

The bark of southern red oak (Quercus falcala Michx. var. falcala) is a rich source of quercitrin (quercetin3-rhamnoside). It contains only low concentrations of (+ )-catechin and no significant amounts of epicatechin or gallocatechin. The three major dimeric proanthocyanidins present are epicatechin(4f,>8)-catechin, catechin-(4a>8)-catechin and the 3-gallate ester of epicatechin-( 4~>8)-catech...

Cocoa contains high levels of different flavonoids. In the present study, the enantioseparation of catechin and epicatechin in cocoa and cocoa products by chiral capillary electrophoresis (CCE) was performed. A baseline separation of the catechin and epicatechin enantiomers was achieved by using 0.1 mol x L(-1) borate buffer (pH 8.5) with 12 mmol x L(-1) (2-hydroxypropyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin as ...

Chemical investigation of Garcinia eugenifolia and Calophyllum enervosum yielded six compounds. One of these was found to be a novel compound identified as enervosanone. Five known compounds cambogin, epicatechin, osajaxanthone, rubraxanthone and isocowanol, were also isolated. These compounds were tested for their bioactivity as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicagents. Antimicrobial...

oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main suggested mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases. in this study, we have evaluated the effects of epicatechin (ec) on mitochondrial damage induced by homocycteine (hcy) using isolated rat hippocampus mitochondria in vivo . ec (50 mg/kg) was gavaged daily for a period of 10 days, starting 5 days prior to hcy (0.5 μmol/μl) intra hippo...

Hydroxyl radicals (.OH) seem to have an important role in the oxidation of wine constituents and the production of important electrophilic aldehydes and ketones. In this experiment, glyceraldehyde, a .OH oxidation product of glycerol, recently described in wine, reacts with (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv3gl), in model solutions, yielding new condensed phenolic compo...

The procyanidins (the most common type of proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin) from cell suspension cultures derived from cotyledons of Douglas Fir have been compared with those isolated from leaves of strawberry and avocado. Seventy per cent methanol (v/v) extracts from 100 milligrams fresh weight samples were analyzed by a combination of C(18)-reversed-phase columns with high-performance liq...