poor stand establishment of canola (brassica napus l.) under flatland mechanized planting and crust-forming soil is a major problem for farmers in central iran. previous research there showed that irrigated cotton emergence on crust-forming soils under flatland planting can be significantly improved using a double-disk planter with zero-pressure press wheel tires and no crust-breaking. in that ...

stand establishment in crusting soil is one of the main concerns in the production of crops with delicate seedlings such as cotton, onions and rape seed. crust breaking, maintaining soil moisture and adding chemical and organic amendments to soil are different methods to weaken soil strength and allow the shoots to emerge. these methods are not always successful because they depend on factors s...

b a ckground: the objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of a new emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in southern villages of bam district, southeastern iran, 2010. m e t hods: a house-to- house census survey of 5544 individuals were interviewed and physically examined for the presence of active lesions or scars. diagnosis was confirmed by direct sm...