An indirect enzyme-Iinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid and efficient large scale screening of antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in chicken. Antigen was a whole-purified influenza virus produced from the H9N2 subtype. Optimum dilution for goat anti-chicken conjugate to be used in the ELISA was 1: 1000, as determined by signal-to-noise ratio. The antig...

With the aim of achieving durable resistance against rhizomania disease of sugar beet, the employment of different sources of resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus was pursued. To this purpose, Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants that simultaneously produce dsRNA originating from a conserved region of the BNYVV replicase gene and the HrpZ(Psph) protein in a secreted form (SP/HrpZ(Ps...

b ackground : tuberculosis is a crucial health problem. establishing a rapid, reliable and still inexpensive diagnostic method for tuberculosis seems to be substantial in developing countries where tb has very high incidence rate . methods:   an indirect  enzyme-linked  immunosorbent  assay (elisa )   was established to detect serum antibodies against mycobacterium  tuberculosis. three kinds of...

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Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the most potent Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins (SEs). Due to its conserved sequence and stable structure, SEB might be a good candidate antigen for MRSA vaccines. Although cellular immune responses to SEB are well-characterized, much less is known regarding SEB-specific humoral immune responses, particularly regarding detailed epitope mapping. In th...

Outbreaks of avian influenza A virus infection, particularly the H5N1 strains that have affected birds and some humans for the past 15 years, have highlighted the need for increased surveillance and disease control. Such measures require diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the different subtypes of influenza virus. In the current study, a simple method for producing reference avian infl...

background: prostate specific antigen (psa) is an important laboratory marker for diagnosis of prostatic cancer. thus, development of diagnostic tools specific for psa plays an important role in screening, monitoring and early diagnosis of prostate cancer. in this paper, the production and characterization of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against psa have been presented.  metho...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isola...