The Lunar cratering record is consistent with the occurrence of a late heavy bombardment (LHB), which marked the end of terrestrial planet accretion 3.8 billion years ago. However, clear evidence of a LHB on Earth has not yet been identified. Based on a volatile budget of the terrestrial mantle, the atmosphere and hydrosphere we propose that the LHB did indeed occur on Earth and that we are bre...

This document describes the current Adage domain model for navigation system software. The improved model accounts for feedback loops, state vectors, and the earth and atmosphere models.

The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEνs) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHEνs can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ν) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ν), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the Surface Detector Arra...

The MAVEN spacecraft launched in November 2013, arrived at Mars in September 2014, and completed commissioning and began its one-Earth-year primary science mission in November 2014. The orbiter’s science objectives are to explore the interactions of the Sun and the solar wind with the Mars magnetosphere and upper atmosphere, to determine the structure of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere and ...

Abstract The seminal Miller‐Urey experiment suggests that lightning may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth through formation amino acids and carbon acids. We here focus early stages in atmosphere Primordial Earth, so‐called streamer discharges. discuss rate coefficients for electrons study electron avalanches avalanche‐to‐streamer transitions by modeling motion with a 2.5 D particl...

In our recent paper (Lindsay and Brasier, 2002) we evaluated stable carbon isotope data from 474 samples of platform carbonates collected from the Late Archaean and early Paleoproterozoic Hamersley Basin and associated basins of Western Australia. The data are consistent and compare well with data from rocks of similar age on other major ancient continental blocks (cf. Karhu and Holland, 1996; ...