the purpose of the present study was to determine the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) dopaminergic system in fear conditioning response considering individual differences. animals were initially counterbalanced and classified based on open field test, and then were given a single infusion of the dopamine agonist, amphetamine (amph) and antagonist, clozapine (clz) into the medial prefron...

Dopamine (1) is a key neurotransmitter whose impact on pharmacological processes mediated by family of dopamine receptors designated D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. Various diseases conditions such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, depression, restless leg syndrome, Parkinson’s disease (PD), inflammatory have been linked to aberrant D3 activity. Herein, we report series novel ligands with improved solubili...

Abstract Two sensitive and effective methods were developed for the detection of catecholamines related biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, levodopa tyramine) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence capillary electrophoresis laser-induced detection. A BODIPY fluorescent dye, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-8-( N -hydroxysuccinimidyl propionic ester)-...

Recent experiments and theories of human decision-making suggest positive negative errors are processed encoded differently by serotonin dopamine, with possibly serving to oppose dopamine protect against risky decisions. We introduce a temporal difference (TD) model account for these features. Our involves two critics, an optimistic learning system pessimistic system, whose predictions integrat...

Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in neural and hormonal functions. Neural diseases, as Parkinson's, are connected to a significant lowering of DA concentration picomolar levels cerebrospinal fluid. So, this contribution, hybrid active layer based on perylene bisimide (PBI) derivative multishaped Au nanostructures proposed for the development surface plasmon ...

introduiction: this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of 12-week voluntary exercise using a running wheel on the striatum  dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in rats. materials and method: twenty five rats were divided into three groups including healthy, parkinson and training-parkinson. the training groups were housed in individual cages geared with running...

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms) is a rare fatal medical complication that occurs as a result of dopaminergic receptor blockage in the caudate at the termination of the nigrostriatal pathways (1), and may occur at any time following consumption of dopamine antagonists. this disorder also occurs in cases of sudden discontinuation of dopamine agonists and antagonists (2,3). some studies have ...

the density functional theory (dft) and the natural bond orbital (nbo) calculations basedmethod b3lyp/6-31g were carried out to study the interaction of dopamine with carbon nanotube.the nanotube used in this study, includes 60 c atoms (6, 6) type. relative and formation energies ofcompounds, muliken charges, occupancy, the highest occupied molecular orbital (homo) and thelowest unoccupied mole...

Abstract It has been suggested that the response of specialty cut flower Limonium sinuatum to different abiotic stress situations related plug tray cell size during nursery could be associated with synthesis and translocation endogenous cytokinins produced in root tips. To validate this hypothesis, aim work was evaluate participation process biomass accumulation L. plants through foliar sprayin...

Cell-gene therapy is a dynamic constituent of novel medical biotechnology. Neurodegenerative disordersin which damage to or demise of specific brain cell types plays central role, are clear examples of diseasecandidate for cell replacement therapy. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons biosynthesize dopamine, a vitalneurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Due to the involveme...