نتایج جستجو برای: direct costs

تعداد نتایج: 588021  

2002
Yong-Woo Kim Glenn Ballard

Construction projects become complicated and fragmented so that many specialty contractors are involved. In such changed environments, a general contractor’s overhead costs are increasing comparable to direct costs. In addition to an increase of volume, activities consisting of overhead costs play an important role in coordinating different participants who include different specialty contracto...

2017
John Kleppe Hans Reijnierse

This paper analyzes congestion effects on network situations from a cooperative game theoretic perspective. In network situations players have to connect themselves to a source. Since we consider publicly available networks any group of players is allowed to use the entire network to establish their connection. We deal with the problem of finding an optimal network, the main focus of this paper...

Journal: :Journal of environmental management 2013
Willem J de Lange Ruan Veldtman Mike H Allsopp

We assess the monetary value of forage provisioning services for honeybees as provided by an alien tree species in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Although Eucalyptus cladocalyx is not an officially declared invader, it is cleared on a regular basis along with other invasive Eucalyptus species such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Eucalyptus conferruminata (which have been prioritise...

Journal: :Ergonomics 2001
T K Courtney G S Sorock D P Manning J W Collins M A Holbein-Jenny

To determine if the contribution of slipperiness to occupational slip, trip and fall (STF)-related injuries could be isolated from injury surveillance systems in the USA, the UK and Sweden, six governmental systems and one industrial system were consulted. The systems varied in their capture approaches and the degree of documentation of exposure to slipping. The burden of STF-related occupation...

2005
B. Larijani H. Fakhrzadeh M. R. Akhlaghi

1Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Tehran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2Health Research and Education Unit, Healthcare Organization, National Iranian Oil Corporation, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Received: 30/07/02; accepted: 27/03/03 ABSTRACT To estimate the direct cost of coronary heart disease (CHD) to the Iranian oil industry, we calcu...

2004
Christina Gathmann Gary S. Becker Libor Dusek

The Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets: Evidence from Migrant Smuggling along the Southwestern Border This paper analyzes how enforcement along the U.S.-Mexican border has affected the market for migrant smugglers. Using a unique dataset that links border crossing histories from illegal Mexican migrants to aggregate enforcement and punishment statistics, we find that the effect of enforc...

2011
Thomas J. Smith

Annual direct costs for cancer care are projected to rise — from $104 billion in 20061 to over $173 billion in 2020 and beyond.2 This increase has been driven by a dramatic rise in both the cost of therapy3 and the extent of care.4 In the United States, the sales of anticancer drugs are now second only to those of drugs for heart disease, and 70% of these sales come from products introduced in ...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011
Timothy D Meehan Ben P Werling Douglas A Landis Claudio Gratton

Agronomic intensification has transformed many agricultural landscapes into expansive monocultures with little natural habitat. A pervasive concern is that such landscape simplification results in an increase in insect pest pressure, and thus an increased need for insecticides. We tested this hypothesis across a range of cropping systems in the Midwestern United States, using remotely sensed la...

Journal: :Applied developmental science 2003
E Michael Foster Kenneth A Dodge Damon Jones

Economic analysis plays an increasingly important role in prevention research. In this article, we describe one form of economic analysis, a cost analysis. Such an analysis captures not only the direct costs of an intervention but also its impact on the broader social costs of the illness or problem targeted. The key question is whether the direct costs are offset by reductions in the other, mo...

برومند جزی, شهزاد,

This survey shows the social costs index resulting from drug abuse. drug social costs index measures the costs relating to drug abuse imposed to the society. this index could be one of the factors of reducing drug and also, measure the public policy effectiveness in relation to drug. the methodology has been used in this survey, is IILLNESSE COSTS method. on the basis of this method, all tangib...

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