AbstractIn this study, the researchers examined the sources of demotivation among adult language teachers in Najafabad language institutes. Two objectives were pursued in the process of implementing this research: 1) Determining the main sources of demotivation among adult teachers teaching in Najafabad language institutes 2) Uncovering the most significant demotivating factors among Engl...

Motivation is thought to be one of the elements in learning anything. Zoltán Dörnyei has carried out remarkable work on role motivation second language learning. The paper aims at investigating correlation among various motivating and other factors researched by Pakistani context. It also examines between total demotivation assuming that there must a causal effect. adapts Dörnyei’s questionnair...

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale that reveals factors adversely affecting the university preparatory class students’ motivation for the English language and English language classes. The sample included 454 student participants. The researchers used a 6-point Likert-type scale with 50 items to collect the research data. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated tha...

Abstract The present study aimed to explore the impact of teaching critical thinking skills through applying debate on the use of communicative strategies. At first 60 intermediate students were selected and placed in two homogenous groups of control and experimental through passing Nelson test. Then, a critical thinking appraisal was run to the two groups both before and after the treatment. T...