This paper analyzes two-stage rank-order tournaments. A principal decides (i) how to spread prize money across the two periods, (ii) how to weigh performance in the two periods when awarding the second-period prize, and (iii) whether to reveal performance after the first period. The information revelation policy depends exclusively on properties of the effort cost function. The principal always...

While a wide variety of agendas are used in legislative voting, the literature focuses almost exclusively on Euro-Latin and Anglo-American agendas. These two agendas share three features common to many agendas used in practice: they are non-repetitive in that every vote eliminates some alternatives from consideration; continuous in that alternatives continue to be contested until they are eithe...

We consider a model of Paired Kidney Exchange (PKE) with feasibility con-straints on the number of patient-donor pairs involved in exchanges. Patients’preferences are restricted so that patients prefer kidneys from compatible youngerdonors to kidneys from older donors. In this framework, patients with compati-ble donors may enroll on PKE programs to receive an organ with higher ...

Intervention often does not lead to peace, but rather to prolonged con ict. Indeed, we document that it is an important source of prolonged con icts. We introduce a theoretical model of the balance of power to explain why this should be the case and to analyze how peace can be achieved: either a cold peace between hostile neighbors or the peace of the strong dominating the weak. Nonintervention...

Numerous economic historians have suggested that institutions which supported contract enforcement were necessary for impersonal exchange to emerge in medieval Europe. Yet this literature cannot account for the bill of exchange, an important financial instrument that was legally enforced in both the medieval Islamic and Christian worlds but remained relegated to personal networks in only the fo...

The relation between economic freedoms and performance is very crucial to determine growth the development policies of a country. Economic are ultimate goal for all developed emerging economies. countries have been aiming sustain their current situation, while developing apply that will provide development. Convergence hypothesis which one main inference Solow model states that, in close econom...

credence goods market is one of the markets that the asymmetric information has transformed it to a missing market. those goods and services that the applicant cannot determine the exact amount of their expenses due to the asymmetric information are called credence goods. from the economists' perspective, transaction in a market where participants are ignorant about each other is a game wi...

Abstract. The sensitive ecosystem of the central Himalayan (CH) region, which is experiencing enhanced stress from anthropogenic forcing, requires adequate atmospheric observations and an improved representation Himalaya in models. However, accuracy models remains limited this region due to highly complex mountainous topography. This article delineates effects spatial resolution on modeled mete...

In this Letter we propose a new view on the phenomenon of Algol-type minima in the light curves of UX Orionis stars. The idea is based on the earlier proposal by various authors that UXORs are nearly-edge-on disks in which hydrodynamic fluctuations could cause clumps of dust and gas to cross the line of sight. However, early models of protoplanetary disks were based on the notion that these hav...

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is one of the main forest-forming species in Belarus. It plays important economic, ecological and social roles. The forest region characterized by a complex history formation its population genetic structure. aim this study was genogeographic analysis P. populations description regional features gene pool Molecular microsatellite (SSR) loci chloroplast DN...