Interleukin (IL)-25, a novel Th2 cytokine, is capable of amplifying allergic inflammation. We investigated the modulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways in IL-25-activated eosinophils, the principal effector cells of allergic inflammation, for the in vitro release of chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and m...

atopic dermatitis (ad) is a common chronically relapsing skin disease associated with abnormal cytokine production, and activation of t-helper 2 cells. the aim if this study was to determine whether cytokine gene polymorphisms might influence the development of ad. single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes for i-l1alpha, il-1beta, il-1r, il-2, il-4, il-6, il-10, il-12, tgf beta, tnf and ifng...

background: because of high morbidity of the brucellosis in humans and the potential use of the microorganism as an agent of biologic warfare, protection of effective vaccines and specific diagnostic reagents become necessary to eradicate brucellosis. objective: in this study we aimed to investigate the cytokine responses and changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups of acute brucellosis...

background: pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and polymorphisms of their genes have been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (rm). objective: to investigate the association between rm and five polymorphisms of cytokine genes, interleukin 10 (il-10), (-592 a/c, -819 c/t, -1082 a/g), il-6 (-174 c/g) and il-17 (-197 g/a) in iranian women. method: po...

objective(s): this study aimed to investigate the role and the possible mechanisms involved in the immunoregulation of experimental periodontitis by th17/treg. materials and methods: experimental periodontitis was established by silk thread ligation with porphyromonasgingivalis daubing in the bilateral maxillary second molar of male sprague-dawley (sd) rats. alveolar bones were scanned by micro...

the role of transforming growth factor (tgf)-β1, interferon (ifn)-γ, interleukin (il)-2, il-3, and il-6 in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad) has long been reported in literature. in this case-control study, the concentrations of these cytokines in altered t lymphocytes, as well as serum vitamin b12, have been compared in terms of factors such as, age, the clinical course and the pati...

one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune system by steroid hormones could be the monocytic-macrophage system. in this study the effect of the male hormone 5a-dht on cytokine release by peritoneal macrophages (mφ) of male and female nzb/balbc mice was investigated. macrophages from male mice activated with lps produced a greater amount of il-1β (21.8%) (p<0.05) and il-6 (19...

the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of spirulina platensis (s.platensis) by measuring the levels of serum interleukin (il)-4, il-10, il-17, tumor necrosis factor(tnf)-α and interferon (ifn)-|γ| in mice suffered from systemic candidiasis and breast cancer. theaqueous extract of s. platensis was selected for this study. balb/c female mice were inoculated withcand...

Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, potently stimulate rat mesangial cells to express and secrete group IIA phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Cytokine-induced up-regulation of PLA(2) has been blocked by inhibitors (antioxidants) of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), suggesting a role for NF-kappaB in the regulation of group IIA PLA(2) ...

OBJECTIVE To characterize changes of Th1/Th2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that occur during the course of HIV infection by cytoplasmic cytokine staining on single cell level. DESIGN AND METHODS Mitogen-stimulated PBMC from 16 healthy donors, 18 HIV-1-infected individuals without AIDS and 14 patients with AIDS were stained intracellularly with fluorescein-la...