Abstract The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate multiple functions including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis. Thus, congenital hypopituitarism (CH) can have profound widespread repercussions on physiological balance. Recent research identified the forkhead box A2 transcription factor (FOXA2) as a candidate gene responsible for CH. We sought to review literature mo...

Case We report a case of post-traumatic hypopituitarism in a 9-year-old boy who was injured in a car accident. Outcome Post-traumatic hypopituitarism might be caused by moderate to severe head trauma, and while this possibility has recently drawn attention in adults, few reports are available regarding children. Our patient experienced head and facial injury, resulting in post-traumatic hypop...

OBJECTIVES The direct causes of death in Japanese patients with hypopituitarism remain unclear. In this study, the direct causes of death were investigated and compared between Japanese patients with hypopituitarism from a nation-wide autopsy database and an age- and gender-matched control population from national reports. SUBJECTS Three hundred and ninety-one subjects with hypopituitarism wh...

GLI2 is a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Gli2 mutant mice have hypoplastic anterior and absent posterior pituitary glands. We reviewed the literature for patients with hypopituitarism and alterations in GLI2. Twenty-five patients (16 families) had heterozygous truncating mutations, and the phenotype frequently included GH deficiency, a small anterior pi...

sheehan’s syndrome (ss) refers to the occurrence of varying degree of hypopituitarism after parturition (1). it is a rare cause of hypopituitarism in developed countries owing to advances in obstetric care and its frequency is decreasing worldwide. however, it is still frequent in underdeveloped and developing countries. sheehan’s syndrome is often diagnosed late as it evolves slowly (2,3). rep...

Subclinical deficiency of pituitary hormones represents an intermediate situation among normal pituitary secretion and overt hypopituitarism. Clinical hypopituitarism is associated with impaired morbidity and mortality, but there are not many studies on these topics in the subclinical setting. Moreover, clinical manifestations and diagnosis criteria are not well defined, so this entity is proba...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well recognized public health problem worldwide. TBI has previously been considered as a rare cause of hypopituitarism, but an increased prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients with TBI has been reported during the last 15 years in most of the retrospective and prospective studies. Based on data in the current literature, approximately 15%-20% of T...

Abstract Hypopituitarism with deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones (combined hormone CPHD) can vary in severity and age at presentation. Additionally, the abnormalities may evolve time necessitating frequent evaluation. These hormonal deficits also be present as part a syndrome, patients showing extrapituitary such eye forebrain malformations. Over past decade, there has been an explosi...