OBJECTIVE To describe the current knowledge and indications for use of hypertonic saline solutions in pediatrics patients. SOURCE OF DATA Medline recent review articles and personal files. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Basic physiologic principles were reviewed concerning the distribution of fluid inside the intravascular, interstitial and intracellular compartments. We also reviewed the findings...

Using hydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate that confined colloidal suspensions can greatly enhance the unfolding of collapsed single polymers in flow. When colloids come in direct contact with the polymers due to the flow, the collapsed chains become flattened or elongated on the surface of the colloids, increasing the probability of forming large chain protrusions that the flow can pull ou...

The present review of fluid therapy studies using balanced solutions versus isotonic saline fluids (both crystalloids and colloids) aims to address recent controversy in this topic. The change to the acid-base equilibrium based on fluid selection is described. Key terms such as dilutional-hyperchloraemic acidosis (correctly used instead of dilutional acidosis or hyperchloraemic metabolic acidos...

Appropriate fluid replacement is an essential component of trauma fluid resuscitation. Once he orrhage is controlled, restoration of normovolemia is a priority. In the presence of uncontrolled haemorrhage, aggressive fluid management may be harmful. The crystalloid-colloid debate continues but existing clinical practice is more likely to reflect local biases rather than evidence based medicine....

We consider the problem of inserting a stiff chain into a colloidal suspension of particles that interact with it through excluded volume forces. The free energy of insertion is associated with the work of creating a cavity devoid of colloid and sufficiently large to accommodate the chain. The corresponding work per unit length is the force that resists the entry of the chain into the colloidal...

Effective use of colloid transport models for heterogeneous subsurface porous media requires the development of methodologies to identify the key model parameters. The inverse problem of a two-dimensional model for colloid transport in geochemically heterogeneous porous media is systematically investigated in this paper. Sensitivity analysis prior to the parameter identification provided valuab...

Human albumin has been used as a therapeutic agent in intensive care units for more than 50 years. However, clinical studies from the late 1990s described possible harmful effects in critically ill patients. These studies' controversial results followed other randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that showed no harmful effects of this colloid solution. In Brazil, several public and pr...