We have compared codeine and tramadol in a prospective, double-blind study of postoperative analgesia in 75 patients after elective intracranial surgery. Twenty-five patients received codeine 60 mg, tramadol 50 mg or tramadol 75 mg i.m. Patients receiving codeine had significantly lower pain scores over the first 48 h after operation (P < 0.0001). Although there was no difference in visual anal...

Codeine is a mild opioid widely used as an analgesic in various age groups, including various pediatric settings. It is a prodrug that owes its analgesic effect almost entirely to the principal metabolite: morphine. The genetic polymorphisms can contribute to making the pharmacokinetics of codeine hard to predict and this it is particularly important in the pediatric population because infants ...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Codeine-containing cough syrups have become one of the most popular drugs of abuse in young people in the world. Chronic codeine-containing cough syrup abuse is related to impairments in a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the potential brain white matter impairment caused by chronic codeine-containing cough syrup abuse has not been reported previously. Our aim...

The influence of melanin on the binding of xenobiotics in hair will impact the interpretation of drug concentrations determined by hair testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if codeine, as a model compound of abused drugs, would be incorporated into black, brown, blond, or red hair as a function of melanin concentration. Such data would assist in the interpretation of codeine conc...

Dual-template magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized and used for the solid-phase extraction of acetaminophen and codeine before simultaneous determination by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were prepared using silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles as supporters, acetaminophen and codeine as templ...

BACKGROUND General practitioners are referring patients with codeine-related problems to specialist treatment facilities, but little is known about the addiction treatment providers, the kinds of treatment they provide, and whether training or other interventions are needed to strengthen this sector. OBJECTIVES To investigate the perspectives of addiction treatment providers regarding treatme...