BACKGROUND Renal epithelial cell injury facilitates crystal adhesion to cell surface and serves as a key step in renal stone formation. However, the effects of cell injury on the adhesion of nano-calcium oxalate crystals and the nano-crystal-induced reinjury risk of injured cells remain unclear. METHODS African green monkey renal epithelial (Vero) cells were injured with H2O2 to establish a c...

Hydrogen can be produced from fermentation of sugars in wastewaters, but much of the organic matter remains in solution. We demonstrate here that hydrogen production from a food processing wastewater high in sugar can be linked to electricity generation using a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to achieve more effective wastewater treatment. Grab samples were taken from: plant effluent at two different...

Approximately 400 KL of spent wash or vinasse per annum is generated at an average COD concentration of 100,000 mg/l, by over 250 distilleries in India. There is an urgent need to develop, assess and use ecofriendly methods for the disposal of this high strength wastewater. Therefore, an attempt was made to investigate a few aspects of anaerobic digestion of spent wash collected from a distille...

The effect of epinephrine on the fatty acid composition of heart muscle phospholipids was examined in rats fed diets containing 10% by weight of butter, corn oil, or cod liver oil. Repeated administration of epinephrine caused elevation of docosahexaenoic acid in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and a corresponding decrease in linoleic acid content. Arachidonic acid was increase...

Selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a direct mass spectrometric technique that allows qualitative and quantitative analysis of a large number of volatile organic compounds. Because of its speed and ease of use, this nondestructive technique could be considered as a practical tool for quality control. This research focuses on the possibilities of direct headspace sampling by S...

A two-stage UASB reactor was employed to remove sulfate from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater. Mesophilic operation (35 +/- 0.5 degree C) was performed with hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied between 28 and 40 hr. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the reactor was maintained about 8000 mg/L. The results indicated that sulfate removal was enhanced with increasing the ratio of COD/S...

Brewing is the process is for production of beer [1,2]. It is said that for every 1 liter of beer production approximate 10 liters of water is used [3]. The water in any brewery is typically used for brewing, rising and cooling process [3]. The various steps that are involved in brewing process are malt production and handling, worth preparation, fermentation, filtration, CIP and finally packag...

Aspergillus terreus gave the overall best results in alpechin at approximately 80% concentration, degrading organic material by 53%, expressed as COD, and 67%, expressed as BOD. Degradation of the total phenol content, which included the great majority of phenolic compounds, reached 69%.