Background Mesenchyme stem cells (MSCs) are one of the widely used sources in tissue engineering and efficacy of cultural environment. In this survey, rat stem cells are used as coculture. Owing to main obstacle of embryo culture in the lab medium, the survival of embryo in lab is low in comparison with that of normal conditions. The purpose of this research is the survey of fertilization and c...

Rumen, main compartment of the stomach ruminant herbivores, have a low redox potential and anaerobic ecosystem in where various microbial populations inhabit, such as bacteria, gut fungi (AGF), protozoa archaea. These groups symbiotic life whilist both synergetic releationship inhibition some activities could be observed when they are cultured mixture. Relatively higher enzyme AGF is well docum...

The accumulation of ?-synuclein (?-syn) aggregates in specific brain regions is a hallmark synucleinopathies including Parkinson disease (PD). ?-Syn propagate “prion-like” manner and can be transferred inside lysosomes to recipient cells through tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). However, how participate the spreading ?-syn unclear. Here, by using super-resolution (SR) electron microscopy (EM), we fin...

The model organism Pyrococcus furiosus has recently been reported to interact with Methanopyrus kandleri in coculture, suggesting a H2 symbiosis. In the current study we further investigated this hypothesis by growing P. furiosus with four other hyperthermophilic methanogens providing evidence that the organisms did not only exert positive effects (P. furiosus/ Methanocaldococcus villosus and P...

A culture system that can recapitulate myelination in vitro will not only help us better understand the mechanism of myelination and demyelination, but also find out possible therapeutic interventions for treating demyelinating diseases. Here, we introduce a simple and reproducible myelination culture system using mouse motor neurons (MNs) and Schwann cells (SCs). Dissociated motor neurons are ...

A single microorganism able to mineralize chloronitrobenzenes (CNBs) has not been reported, and degradation of CNBs by coculture of two microbial strains was attempted. Pseudomonas putida HS12 was first isolated by analogue enrichment culture using nitrobenzene (NB) as the substrate, and this strain was observed to possess a partial reductive pathway for the degradation of NB. From high-perform...

Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which are aggravated by the interaction between hypertrophic adipocytes and macrophages. In this study, we investigated the effects of tangeretin on inflammatory changes and glucose uptake in a coculture of hypertrophic adipocytes and macrophages. Tangeretin decreased nitric oxide production and the ex...