BACKGROUND Understanding circuit function would be greatly facilitated by methods that allow the simultaneous estimation of the functional strengths of all of the synapses in the network during ongoing network activity. Towards that end, we used Granger causality analysis on electrical recordings from the pyloric network of the crab Cancer borealis, a small rhythmic circuit with known connectiv...

The topic of Customer profitability is a focal concern for telecommunication sector who seeks to identify its antecedents and causal structure with the aim of better understanding managing customer profitability. For this reason, Customer expansion processes and “Knowledge from Customer” is widely used in this competitive environment to achieve Customer profitability. The purpose of this paper ...

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI) in Malaysia. This research considers monthly data of consumer price index and producer price index from January 1986 to April 2007. The Johansen cointegration method suggests that there is long-run equilibrium relationship between these two variables. Both Engle Grange...

This study examines the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity having controlled for other channels of external openness: exports and imports in four ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We employ the panel data analysis PDA (fixed effect and dynamic panel models) as well as the panel cointegration and Granger causali...

In this paper, we design two laboratory experiments to analyze the causal effects of competition on step-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by the ex post rents for firms that operate at the same technological level, i.e. for neck and neck firms. First, we find that increased competition leads to ...

Tourism is viewed increasingly as an essential sector to local, regional and national reconstruction and development for economies at various scales. The objective of the study is to empirically investigate a two-way statistical relationship between the tourism development indicators and carbon emissions in Pakistan over a period of 1991-2010. To recognize this relationship, a time series, co-i...

T his paper empirically examines the relationship among exports, foreign direct investment, current account deficit and economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1975-2016.We adopted the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration together with ECM techniques to trace the long-run as well as the short-run relationships. The results demonstrate the existence o...

This study examines the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Methodology is based on the Toda-Yamamoto test for causality relationship and the bounds testing (ARDL). Time-series data covering the period 19702005 for Malaysia, the study found, in the case of Malaysia there is no strong evidence of a bi-directional causality and long-run relationship between ...

the paper investigates the effects of interest rates on stock market performance by using monthly time series data for the economy of bangladesh over the period of 1991 to 2012. a wide range of econometric techniques have been employed to analyze the relationship between the interest rate and stock market return. the study reveals a stable and significant long run relationship between the varia...