Recent investigations into the origins of symbolism indicate that personal ornaments in the form of perforated marine shell beads were used in the Near East, North Africa, and SubSaharan Africa at least 35 ka earlier than any personal ornaments in Europe. Together with instances of pigment use, engravings, and formal bone tools, personal ornaments are used to support an early emergence of behav...

The handicap principle suggests that individuals of superior quality can more easily bear the cost of developing extravagant ornaments. Consequently, ornament size should provide reliable information about quality or condition. Previous models have largely ignored the process of ornament growth, focusing only on final ornament size. We model ornament growth schedules for individuals of differen...

Ethnomatematics can be used as a way to convey local culture and mathematics simultaneously, because ethnomatematics is combination of mathematics. The State Museum North Sumatra one the historic buildings which contains ethnomathematics concepts. This study aims explore contained in Sumatra. research qualitative descriptive with an ethnographic approach. subject was officers Data collection te...

ABSTRACf. Secondary sexual ornaments as signals:77te handicap approach and three potential problems.Secondary sexual ornaments have recently been discussed in the context of biological signals, and the handicap principle has been suggested as a model explaining their evolution. The handicap principle predicts that at equilibrium, sexual ornaments will be honest signals of the male's quality. Th...

Synopsis A fundamental hypothesis for the evolution and maintenance of ornamental traits is that ornaments convey information to choosing females about the quality of prospective mates. A diverse array of ornaments (e.g., colors, morphological features, and behaviors) has been associated with a wide range of measures of individual quality, but decades of study of such indicator traits have fail...

Sexual ornaments often consist of several components produced by distinct developmental processes. The complexity of sexual ornaments might be favoured by mate choice of individual components in different environments which ultimately results in weak interrelationships (integration) among the developmental processes that produce these components. At the same time, sexual selection for greater e...

Dependently typed programming advocates the use of various indexed versions of the same shape of data, but the formal relationship among these structurally similar datatypes usually needs to be established manually and tediously. Ornaments have been proposed as a formal mechanism to manage the relationships between such datatype variants. In this paper, we conduct a case study under an ornament...