Euphrates turtle is the only soft shell turtle of Iran, and unfortunately is in danger of extinction due to multiple reasons. Imaging techniques, in addition to their importance in diagnosis of injuries to animals, have been used as non-invasive methods to provide normal anatomic views. A few studies have been conducted to understand body structure of the Euphrates turtle. Since there is only g...

background: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the bone density of various regions of jaws and skeletal bones. materials and methods: a total of 110 patients with a mean age of 55.01 ± 10.77 years were selected for the purpose of the present descriptive study. dual x-ray energy absorptiometry (dxa) was carried out to determine bone mineral density (bmd) of the...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Deproteinization is an indispensable process for the elimination of antigenicity in xenograft bones. However, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) deproteinized xenograft, which is commonly used to repair bone defect, exhibits limited osteoinduction activity. The present study was designed to develop a new method for deproteinization and compare the osteogenic capacities of ne...

An adult human skull was discovered in a college osteological collection presenting with two Inca bones. Inca bones or interparietal (supernumerary) bones are rarely seen among dry human skulls. Their frequency of presentation is much less than that of sutural or Wormian bones. Inca bones or interparietal (supernumerary) bones are accepted as normal variants most often found in the occipitopari...

Despite the enormous potential of analyses of ancient DNA for phylogeographic studies of past populations, the impact these analyses, most of which are performed with fossil samples from natural history museum collections, has been limited to some extent by the inefficient recovery of ancient genetic material. Here we show that the standard storage conditions and/or treatments of fossil bones i...

The fore tarsus of the male scuttle fly, Aenigmatias lubbockii (Verrall) (Diptera: Phoridae), is broad and equipped with flattened and apically truncated (FAT) setae on the ventral surface, which are suggested to be involved in the intraspecific phoretic behaviour including airlifting and dispersal of the female. The combination of FAT setae on the male fore tarsi and regularly arranged microtr...

Models of the 3D shape of anatomical objects and the knowledge about their statistical variability are of great benefit in many computer assisted medical applications like images analysis, therapy or surgery planning. Statistical model of shapes have successfully been applied to automate the task of image segmentation. The generation of 3D statistical shape models requires the identification of...

We describe cell lineage of the tarsus of wild-type Drosophila. Large Minute+ clones were made to map the position of the antero-posterior compartment boundary in all three tarsi. The tarsus is mirror symmetric, but the compartment boundary does not coincide with the mirror plane. This boundary runs along the dorsal and the ventral rows of bristles which are immediately posterior to the mirror ...

The Bare Bones language is a programming language with a minimal set of operations that exhibits universal computation. We present a conceptual framework, Chemical Bare Bones, to construct Bare Bones programs by programming the state transitions of a multifunctional catalytic particle. Molecular counts represent program variables, and are altered by the action of the catalytic particle. Chemica...