The Proposition 65 listing of arsenic (inorganic oxides) was based on a finding by the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant (DART) Identification Committee, the Proposition 65 State’s qualified experts for reproductive toxicity, that the chemicals had been clearly shown by scientifically valid testing according to generally accepted principles to cause developmental toxicity. As part of its ...

Studies of the occurrence, distribution and aqueous geochemistry of arsenic in the environment requires accurate and sensitive analytical measurements. In addition to the determination of total arsenic concentrations, speciation of the form in which arsenic occurs plays a major role in its chemical reactivity and toxicity. Determination of speciation includes: the distribution of oxidation stat...

Alternative forms of medicine like Ayurveda have witnessed a rise in global popularity over the recent decades. Drugs used Ayurveda, particularly those mineral origin can lead to toxic effects due heavy metal overdose. Here, we report case 53-year-old woman who presented with glove-and-stocking paresthesia and scaly plaques following institution Ayurvedic drugs containing arsenic for dermatitis...

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found widely in the environment. However, on recent days the level of arsenic in the environment has increased several folds due to its use as pesticide, defoliant, electronics, thermal power plants, wood preservatives and metal industry. Arsenic has been reported as one of the most alarming chemical in the environment [1], present in different forms and...

Niu-Huang-Jie-Du Pian (NHJD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine containing realgar (As4S4). Realgar has been included in many traditional medicines, but is often taken as arsenite for risk assessment. To evaluate true risk of realgar and realgar-containing NHJD, their toxicity was compared with common arsenicals. In cultured cells, the LC50 for NHJD (1200 μM) and realgar (2000 μM) wa...

Environmental arsenic is a world-wide health issue, making it imperative for us to understand mechanisms of metalloid uptake and detoxification. The predominant intracellular form is the highly mephitic arsenite, which is detoxified by removal from cytosol. What prevents arsenite toxicity as it diffuses through cytosol to efflux systems? Although intracellular copper is regulated by metallochap...

Chronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) due to drinking of arsenic contaminated ground water is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world including India. A lot of new information is emerging from extensive research on health effects of chronic arsenic toxicity (CAT) in humans during the last two decades. Available literature has been reviewed to highlight the problem including it...

Individual variations in inorganic arsenic metabolism may influence the toxic effects. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) that can catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to trivalent arsenical, may play a role in arsenic metabolism in humans. Since the genetic polymorphisms of AS3MT gene may be associated with the susceptibility to inor...

This systematic study includes physical–chemical characterisation of nanomaterials, arsenic adsorption assays, mechanism proposal, and acute toxicity assays with Daphnia magna .