Contamination of soil and water due to the release of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) is a ubiquitous problem. The problem is more severe in arid and semi-arid coastal regions where most of the petroleum production and related refinery industries are located. Biological treatment of these organic contaminated resources is receiving increasing interests and where applicable, can serve a...

Some endemic shrubs in arid and semiarid ecosystems are in danger of extinction, and yet they can play useful roles in maintaining or restoring these ecosystems, thus practical efforts are needed to conserve them. The shrubs Amygdalus pedunculata Pall., Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. ex Kom.) Cheng f. are endemic species in arid and semiarid regions of...

This study analyzed extreme precipitation events, using daily rainfall data for 1966–2015. A Mann–Kendall trend test was used to evaluate trends in precipitation, copula functions were applied compute the joint return periods of and univariate bivariate distributions determine risk. The results showed that decrease consecutive wet days (CWD) significant west northwest Iran, while dry (CDD) inde...