antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens. the goals of this study were to evaluate adherence to guidelines and streamlining of antibiotics. hospital records of hospitalized patients in infectious diseases ward imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, from may 2008 to september 2009 were reviewed. adhe...

background: the expanse of dendritic cells (dc) differentiation plays an important role in determining immune response. dc-based immunosuppressive drugs have notable side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers. g2013, as a novel anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, has been tested in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. the aim of this study was to cond...

atrial fibrillation (af) is a commonly encountered arrhythmia in our daily practice. every year a huge bulk of data is published about different management strategies, new antiarrhythmic drugs, anticoagulation protocols and ablation procedures in these patients. in this review article, we discuss different management strategies and new antiarrhythmic drugs as well as those commonly used. we wil...

background vitamin d (vit d) level may change variously in serums of patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis (anti-tb) therapy using antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate all components of calcium (ca) regulatory agents in the six- month period of standard anti- tb therapy. patients and methods eight adults whose pulmonary tb had been diagnosed...

ba ckground: legionella pneumophila is  a  dangerous pathogenic bacterium can cause serious infectious diseases especially in hospitalized immuno-compromised patients. this bacterium is shown to be resistant against different antibiotics. resistance against a wide range of antibiotics is usually mediated by efflux pump in bacteria. efflux pumps are proteinaceous transporters localized in the cy...

In people with HIV-1, most of the CD4-expressing T cells that produce virus are short-lived and vulnerable to anti-retroviral agents. But the initial 'fire' of HIV-1 infection may begin in, and be maintained by, cells of the dendritic cell lineage.

background: in current study, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of leaves and flowers essential oils of origanum vulgare ssp. gracile against four food-borne pathogens including  escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella thyphimurium and staphylococcus aureus were examined. methods: the different organs (leaves and flowers) of o. vulgare ssp. gracile were harvested at f...

background: beside various factors for producing diabetes, it seems that chronic hepatitis c, hiv/hcv co-infection, and anti-retroviral treatment especially including protease inhibitors may predispose to diabetes. this study conducted to determine prevalence of diabetes in hiv and hcv patients. methods: the registries of 150 hcv patients, 50 hiv patients and 90 hiv/hcv co-infected patients in ...