Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of cranial sutures during embryonic development, and this results in intracranial pressure skull deformities. Thyrotoxicosis, specifically maternal hyperthyroidism, has been linked to development CS. Our lab currently validating an avian model thyroxine-induced CS study mechanism involved thyroxine-enhanced ossification. We hypothesized that thyroxi...

One hundred and eleven high risk neonates were subjected to (cranial ultrasound (CR-USG) Caranial sonography was performed by 2D realtime scanner with 5 MHz transducer through anterior and posterior fontanelle and temporo-squamal suture. One quarter of these neonates developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 120 hours of birth. Of them 42.8% neonates recovered completely, 21.4% developed v...

A very short, microcephalic, and mentally retarded 2 year old girl showed minor anomalies including prominent occiput, delayed closure of the anterior fontanelle, high frontal hairline, prominent ears, upward slanting palpebral fissures, a small nose with bulbous tip, delayed tooth eruption and bone maturation, and short and tapering fingers and toes. She did not have a white forelock. Cytogene...

Introduction Pycnodysostosis (PDO) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease of the bone caused by a mutation in a gene mapped to chromosome 1q21 that codes for the enzyme cathepsin K (CTSK). Pycnodysostosis (Greek: pycnos = dense; dys = defective; osteon = bone) was first coined in 1962 by Maroteaux and Lamy [1], although the first case fitting the description may have been repor...

INTRODUCTION The concept of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was established by Stammberger in 1986. When FESS is performed, the first encountered anatomical structure in the sinonasal tract is the uncinate process. Resection of the uncinate process is one of the important procedures in FESS, because the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus is located behind this process in most pati...

The "Adeloye-Odeku disease" or congenital dermoid cysts over the anterior fontanelle, is a rare congenital disorder of children initially described in Nigeria. It has been rarely reported in the Indian population (3 cases in 2 reports). These rare lesions are operated on by neurosurgeons in view of their location and differential diagnoses. We present two infants with the co...

An infant girl was referred for assessment and management of a large frontal skull defect. She was born, after an uneventful pregnancy, by caesarian section to a 36-year-old mother (G1P1). The procedure was performed electively for a breech presentation. Her antenatal ultrasound had shown no specific abnormalities. The attending pediatrician immediately noted a large bi-frontal (but predominant...