Semifactual thinking about what might have been the same, e.g., “even if Philip had not chosen the chocolate ice-cream sundae, he would have developed an allergic reaction” has been neglected compared to counterfactual thinking about what might have been different, e.g., “if only Philip had not chosen the chocolate ice-cream sundae, he would not have developed an allergic reaction”. We report t...

Attempts to improve thinking and reasoning assume that people do not think as well as they might. The actual conduct of thinking does not measure up to an ideal standard. For example, I and others have argued that people are often biased toward views they already hold. They often fail to consider alternative views, counter-evidence, or goals that their favorite plans will subvert. In making thi...

This paper discusses progressive thinking and clinical views on improving mental health practice for immigrants refugees. It addresses policy, care delivery, professionals’ attitudes, immigrants’ access to — all factors especially pertinent in major immigration hubs. The data was gathered from invited presentations discussions among participants at an international multidisciplinary symposium, ...

This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) on this topic. It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA sta...

Creativity has been conceptualized as involving two distinct components; divergent thinking, the search for multiple solutions to a single problem, and convergent thinking, the quest for a single solution either through an analytical process or the experience of insight. Studies have demonstrated that these abilities can be improved by cognitive stimulation, mood, and meditation. Here, we inves...

BACKGROUND Integrative medicine (IM) is currently the most commonly used term to describe the integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into conventional medicine. In the definitions of IM the most important feature is the focus on evidence as crucial factor for therapeutic decision-making. However, there are discussions on the term "integrative medicine" with the most notable...

service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article-sign up in the box at the