events were considered, reflecting the year 2015. All outcomes were discounted at 3.5% annually. Results: Regarding the AS subpopulation, the total treatment cost for IFX, ADA, CZP, ETA, GOL and CC was: € 67,736, € 38,914, € 38,721, € 38,290, € 35,338 and € 4,110; and the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were: 10.031, 9.882, 9.949, 9.933, 9.903 and 9.360, respectively. CZP dominated ADA and ...

Mitochondrial hypervariable region I genetic data from ancient populations at two sites in Asia-Linzi in Shandong (northern China) and Egyin Gol in Mongolia-were reanalyzed to detect population affinities. Data from 51 modern populations were used to generate distance measures (Fst's) to the two ancient populations. The tests first analyzed relationships at the regional level and then compiled ...

In [Apt et al., 1998] we introduced the imperative programming language Alma-0 that supports declarative programming. In this paper we illustrate the hybrid programming style of Alma-0 by means of various examples that complement those presented in [Apt et al., 1998]. The presented Alma-0 programs illustrate the versatility of the language and show that “don’t know” nondeterminism can be natura...

Telescope bibliographies are integral parts of observing facilities. They are used to associate the published literature with archived observational data, to measure an observatory's scientific output through publication and citation statistics, and to define guidelines for future observing strategies. The ESO and NRAO librarians as well as NAOJ jointly maintain the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimet...

This report describes band 9 beam pattern measurements which were made at NA ALMA front end integration center during the visit of ALMA band 9 group representatives from 2 to 7 of June 2008. The Band 9 cartridge system was mounted within ALMA front end cryostat #2 and the overall system included the cryostat window and filters. Measurement set-up, experiment condition and sequence and results o...

We present a baseline plan of Japanese receiver developments for the Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array (LMSA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). Two receiver cartridge layouts for ALMA band 8 (385 – 500 GHz) have been proposed based on a quasi-optical sideband separation. These cartridges will be evaluated in a secondary focal receiver system with the Atacama Submillimeter Telesc...

Detecting and studying objects at the highest redshifts, out to the end of Cosmic Reionization at z>7, is clearly a key science goal of ALMA. ALMA will in principle be able to detect objects in this redshift range both from high-J (J>7) CO transitions and emission from ionized carbon, [CII], which is one of the main cooling lines of the ISM. ALMA will even be able to resolve this emission for i...

The ALMA software is a large collection of modules, which implements the functionality needed for the observatory day-to-day operations. The main ALMA software components include: array/antenna control/correlator, submission/processing of science proposals, telescope calibration and data archiving. The implementation of new features and improvements for every software subsystem must be coordina...

Centro de Salud La Marina, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain IDIAP Jordi Gol, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Salud Riu Nord-Riu Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Unitat de Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Mataró, Bar...

This memo contains a detailed evaluation of the expected performance of the bandpass calibration for ALMA. We evaluate the limitations on the bandpass accuracy due to the imperfect knowledge of the atmospheric transmission. We show that the best bandpass accuracy is obtained when the amplitude calibration is applied in a single-load scheme. The proposed scheme is a variant of the so-called band...