Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell (referred to as β-cell hereafter) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. Impaired insulin secretion is a major factor contributing to the development of diabetes and, therefore, is an important target for treatment of the disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a key second messenger in β-cells that amplifies insulin secretion. Incretins rel...

Previous studies have favored a basic difference in the regulation of specialized protein production by cells derived from the usual tissue of origin (eutopic) and cancer cells derived from a tissue not normally producing the protein (ectopic). Thus N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate was believed to stimulate only eutopic (but not ectopic) chorionic gonadotropin production, a...

Microsomal and mitochondrial preparations from rat adrenal glands converted pregnenolone (3@-hydroxypregn& ene-20-one) to progesterone, a two step reaction which requires the participation of a DPN+-dependent A&-3phydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and a A6-3-ketosteroid isomerase. The mitochondrial enzymes could be prepared as a membrane fraction after sonic treatment of the mitochondria. This prepa...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the profile of ETC-1002, as shown in preclinical and clinical studies, including LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering activity and beneficial effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers as they relate to the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase and the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. RECENT FINDINGS ETC-1002 is an adenosi...

I. Cell Proliferation in Normal Thyroid Tissue In Vivo ............................................... A. Physiological situation ........................................................................... B. Growth under stimulatory conditions ........................................................... C. Coordination between various thyroid cell types ............................................

With a trypsin digestion method, an isolated adrenocortical carcinoma cell preparation has been achieved. The electron microscopic examination of tumor cells shows the sparsity of the lipid granules and mitochondria. The cristae of the mitochondria are tubular, in contrast to the vesicular cristae in the normal cells. Other ultrastructural features of these cells are presented. The adrenocortic...