INTRODUCTION Rural Road connectivity is a key component of rural development, since it promotes access to economic and social services, thereby generating increased agricultural productivity, non-agriculture employment as well as non-agricultural productivity, which in turn expands rural growth opportunities and real income through which poverty can be reduced. A study (Fan et al. 1999) carried...

Transport modelling has made a rare intrusion into the attention of the media and the public due to inaccuracies in recent projections done for toll roads in Australia. Generally the modelling of toll roads in Australia has been fairly poor, with many roads attracting only half of their projected volumes and some roads, such as Brisbane's Clem 7, attracting much less. However this is not a uniq...

The effective management of networked digital information including resource discovery, the management of access based on rights information, long-term preservation, etc. will increasingly rely on the effective development and use of systems that can collect and use appropriate metadata. This paper will outline an approximate typology of metadata formats and discuss the importance of metadata i...

Development agencies are funding the construction of an increasing number of roads in mountainous regions as access to outlying districts moves up the development agenda. Infrastructure is important as a first step towards sustainable development and these regions, despite their inhospitable terrain, are often home to large populations of subsistence farming communities. The regions are therefo...

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) belong to a subcategory of traditional Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs). The main feature of VANETs is that mobile nodes are vehicles endowed with sophisticated “on-board” equipments, traveling on constrained paths (i.e., roads and lanes), and communicating each other for message exchange via Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication protocols, as well as between ...

CanaddBritish Columbia Mineral Development Agreement, this area was selected for more detailed analysis than presently available. During the 1986 field season fieldwork was centred on the Cowichan Lake area (Figures 3-9-1 and 3-9-21, Access in the area is provided by an extensive network of logging roads in various states of upkeep. Roadcuts provide most ofthe exposure for mapping; rock units a...

Around one billion people live in extreme poverty, suffering from economic deprivation so severe that they must struggle daily for survival. Extreme poverty is sometimes defined as living on under $1 a day, but more accurately it is the lack of reliable access to basic needs, including adequate food, basic health services, safe drinking water and connectivity with the wider world (via roads, po...

This paper compares economic outcomes across areas in India which were under direct British colonial rule with areas which were under indirect colonial rule. Controlling for selective annexation using a specific policy rule, I find that areas which experienced direct rule have significantly lower levels of access to schools, health centers and roads in the post-colonial period. I find evidence ...

Road classification systems are the basis for defining function and, in turn, the design criteria for the world’s street networks. The traditional classification systems have been based on the mobility and access functions of roads for motor vehicle traffic. Other road users and road uses have been largely ignored in this important step of the road design process. This article describes alterna...

Travel is more affordable and improved high-altitude airports, railways, and roads allow rapid access to altitude destinations without acclimatization. The physiology of exposure to altitude has been extensively described in healthy individuals; however, there is a paucity of data pertaining to those who have reduced reserve. This Physiology in Medicine article discusses the physiological consi...