In order to enhance spin injection efficiency from ferromagnetic (FM) metal into a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), we introduce another FM metal and two tunnel barriers (I) between them to investigate the current polarization in such ballistic FM/I/FM/I/2DEG junction. Our treatment is based on the free-electron scattering theory. It is found that due to quantum interference effect, the mag...

The polar perturbation is examined when the spacetime is expressed by a 4d metric induced from higher-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry. Since the spacetime background is not a vacuum solution of 4d Einstein equation, the various general principles are used to understand the behavior of the energymomentum tensor under the perturbation. It is found that although the general principles fix many ...

Using the Hilbert Uniqueness Method, we study the problem of exact controllability in Neumann boundary conditions for problems of transmission of the wave equation. We prove that this system is exactly controllable for all initial states in L( ) (H( ))0. 1. Introduction. Throughout this paper, let be a bounded domain (open, connected, and nonempty) in R(n 1) with a boundary ÿ=@ of class C, and ...

To investigate the functional relationship between the transforming ability of Ras and its role as an integral component of the differentiation-promoting insulin signaling pathway, we introduced a Ieu6l-activated ras gene into the Ras-transformable 3T3 LI (ATCC CCL92.1) and a number of C3HIOT1/ -derived preadipocytic cell lines. The results demonstrate a quantitative reciprocal regulation of di...

Article history: Received 18 June 2013 Accepted after revision 26 November 2013 Available online 20 December 2013 Presented by Philippe G. Ciarlet We present some Poincaré-type inequalities for quadratic matrix fields with applications e.g. in gradient plasticity or fluid dynamics. In particular, applications to the pseudostress– velocity formulation of the stationary Stokes problem and to infi...