In a 25-years period (1972-1997) 30,603 sportsmen, having a total of 34,742 sports related injuries, were treated in our outpatient-department specialized in sports orthopaedics and traumatology. All cases were systematically recorded and analysed right from the beginning. This is the most extensive clinical statistics currently known. The absolutely highest incidence rate of sports-related inj...

The physiological consequences of ultra-endurance cross-country skiing in cold conditions are poorly known. We report here clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory findings from a 41-y old male elite skier in a world record trial for 24-h skiing. The athlete completed a total of 406.8 km outdoors with the temperature ranging between -24°C and -5°C during the 24-h period. Post exercise, notabl...

Snowboarding Halfpipe (HP) is a winter action sport which has progressed from being a recreational snow activity to a high performance snow sport such as traditional downhill or Nordic skiing. Like figure skating, gymnastics and diving, performance in the snowboard HP is subjectively assessed by a number of judges. The marking criteria focus on jump height (amplitude) and trick difficulty as th...

Winter sports are played in cold conditions on ice or snow and often at moderate to high altitude. The most important nutritional challenges for winter sport athletes exposed to environmental extremes include increased energy expenditure, accelerated muscle and liver glycogen utilization, exacerbated fluid loss, and increased iron turnover. Winter sports, however, vary greatly regarding their n...

This study presents a complete psychological skills training (PST) program with a wheelchair athlete and examines the program effectiveness using a mixed-method approach. After initial testing, the athlete followed a two-month program of self-confidence building, motivational, visualization/relaxation, and injury management techniques. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine t...

purpose estimating wind chill index as one of the indexes effective in body comfort, specifically for athletes and tourists interested in winter sports. methods meteorology data including temperature and the percentage of relative humidity of 6 synoptic stations of chaharmahal-bakhtiyrai province, iran from 1990 to 2007 were extracted from iranian meteorology site. in order to calculate the val...

The Relative Age Effect (RAE) can be described as the advantage of being born early after a certain cut-off date within a group of selection. The effect has been found across a wide range of sports and is particularly evident in pre-elite sports and team sports with a high selection pressure. At the absolute top level in team elite sports, the advantage of being relatively older has been report...

Tournament water skiing is an increasingly popular and internationally successful sport in Great Britain, despite the climate. The kinematics and injury patterns of the three disciplines will be unfamiliar to most clinicians and are described, with estimation of the stresses. Advances in equipment over the last 15 years have reduced the risk of severe injury in the tricks event, while high spee...

Winter sports off the marked slopes are becoming more popular. All in uncontrolled and mountainous terrain combined with risks claim fatalities every year. This study investigates circumstances, causes epidemiological aspects of two most common winter outside prepared slopes. retrospective deals off-slope reported to authorities Canton Berne, Switzerland, between 2001 2019. The cases were exami...