abstract background von willebrand disease (vwd) is an autosomally inherited bleeding disorder with the prevalence of 1% based on population studies. the disease phenotype is due to quantitative and structural/functional defects in von willebrand factor (vwf) which is a glycoprotein with essential role as a carrier of fviii in circulation and also it serves the function as hemostasis regulator....

Usher’s syndrome is an autossomal recessive disease characterized by pigmentary retinopathy (PR) and bilateral sensorineural hypoacusis. Von Graefe and Liebreich were the first to publish a paper describing the association between PR and deafness. The incidence is 3 to 4.4 per 100,000 people. The prevalence is 3% to 6% among auditory impaired people.4 It may be subdivided into four types of whi...

The syndrome of intermittent exophthalmos classically consists of enophthalmos with the head in the upright position, and exophthalmos which develops rapidly in one eye (usually the left) when venous stasis is induced by bending or lowering the head, turning the head forcibly, hyperextension of the neck, coughing, forced expiration with or without compression of the nostrils, or pressure on the...

As one realization out of the class of behavior-based robot architectures a specific concept of situation-oriented behavior-based navigation has been proposed by [Wershofen, Graefe 1992]. Its main characteristic is that the selection of the behaviors to be executed in each moment is based on a continuous recognition and evaluation of the dynamically changing situation in which the robot is find...

indifferent incisions, and in two cases where the iris rose above the knife, the complete iridectomies followed the normal course during convalescence. In assessing the relative merits of the two methods of extraction one must consider two factors: (a) the von Graefe method is simple and quick, and has withstood the test of time and usage in many thousands of cases: its drawbacks are known and ...

It is 100 years since von Graefe first demonstrated a suppression scotoma in an amblyopic eye.' A review of publications on the subject of suppression in strabismus reveals that this has not been a very active area of research and that what literature there is contains many apparent contradictions. Early workers found strong suppression at the fovea of the deviating eye in strabismic amblyopia ...

This study sought to determine the linearity and amplitude of both proximally induced accommodation (PIA) and vergence (PIV) by comparing the open-loop accommodation and vergence responses, respectively, to individual stimuli located at viewing distances ranging from 0.20 m to 1,500 m. For the measurement of PIA, the vergence and accommodation loops were opened by subjects (N = 10) monocularly ...

Since its original description by von Graefe in 1857, normal tension glaucoma (NTG) has remained a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. NTG is a clinical condition associated with a pathologically excavated optic disc and characteristic glaucomatous visual field loss. Apart from the intraocular pressure (IOP) being in the statistically ‘normal’ range, the clinical course o...

Retinal artery occlusion causes catastrophic, sudden visual loss. It is a true ophthalmic emergency in which every minute of delay increases the risk of irreversible retinal damage [1]. More than 90% of eyes with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) have a sudden, painless decrease in visual acuity to a level of counting fingers to light perception [2]. More than 150 years since the descript...