We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system. Elements of the system critical for successful reduction of nosocomial infection rates include voluntary participation and confidentiality; standard definitions and protocols; identification of populations at high risk; site-specific, risk- adjusted infection rates comparable across ...

Even though the efforts to contribute to and sustain the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) are voluntary, the derived benefits will be enjoyed by contributors and non-contributors alike. Thus, GEOSS can be classified as a public good, whose provision is prone to “free-riding”. We analyze the benefits of participating in GEO (Group on Earth Observation) and GEOSS as well as the ...

Under the regime of private company or multi-stakeholder voluntary codes of conduct and industry social auditing, workers have absorbed low wages and unsafe and abusive conditions; labor leaders and union members have become the targets of both government and factory harassment and violence; and trade union power has waned. Nowhere have these private systems of codes and audits so clearly faile...

This paper describes the physical exposures required to perform a sawmill job associated with a high incidence of upper extremity musculoskeletal injury. Exposure variables are described by multiple posture, exertion and frequency definitions and the comparability of those definitions are examined. Effective industrial prevention efforts require an accurate assessment of risk. Surface electromy...

BACKGROUND Despite the recognition of stigma as a hindrance to public health treatment and prevention there are gaps in evidence on the relationship between HIV stigma and VCT services utilization in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to examine a community's perceptions, feelings and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and how this is associated with access to utilization of volu...

The mechanisms underlying task failure from fatiguing physical efforts have been the focus of many studies without reaching consensus. An attractive but debated model explains effort termination with a critical peripheral fatigue threshold. Upon reaching this threshold, feedback from sensory afferents would trigger task disengagement from open-ended tasks or a reduction of exercise intensity of...

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In
the
US,
recent
software
research
and
development
for
petascale
systems
has
been
performed
by
two
 main
entities:
US
Government
funded
R&D
collaborations
(both
at
Universities
and
at
Government
Labs)
 and
Industry
efforts
at
products.

With
few
notable
exceptions,
there
has
been
little
diffusion
of
 technology
from
the
R&D
collaborations
to
industrial
efforts
and
little
feedback
from
the
indu...