In this short note, the author shows that the gap problem of some folded 3-XOR is NP-hard and can be solved by an algorithm that assigns value to each variable by the numbers of 1 and −1 in its long code. To conclude, the author proves that P = NP .

We obtain various explicit solutions to the interior Einstein-Maxwell equations in spherical and plane symmetry when the pressure is proportional to the mass density.

The aim of this report is to make a review on DNA computing: molecular biology is used to suggest a new way of solving a NP-complete problem. The idea (due to Leonard Adleman in Adl94]) is to use strands of DNA to encode the (instance of the) problem, and to manipulate them using techniques commonly available in any molecular biology laboratory, in order to simulate operations that select the s...

This paper a t t e m p t s to demons t r a t e the u s e f u l n e s s f o r Machine T r a n s l a t i o n of a c a s e o r i e n t e d d e s c r i p t i o n of the s y n t a c t i c and the semant ic b e h a v i o r of a d v e r b i a l and p r e p o s i t i o n a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s . Ee aim to modify and r e f i n e the e x i s t i n g d e s c r i p t i o h s of adverbs and p r e p o...

We introduce a parameter that measures the “constrainedness” of an ensemble of combinatorial problems. If problems are over-constrained, they are likely to be insoluble. If problems are under-constrained, they are likely to be soluble. This constrainedness parameter generalizes a number of parameters previously used in different NP-complete problem classes. Phase transitions in different NP cla...

the study was performed for assess the environmental factors affecting weed species diversity and composition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fields in jajarm, north-khorasan of iran, in 2009. the crop management (herbicide, amount of nitrogen applied and preceding crop type) and edaphic factors (ph, texture and content of phosphorus) of 16 fields were collected. shannon’s diversity index, spec...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex polygenic disease in which gene-environment interactions are important. A number of studies have investigated the association between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) -308 G/A polymorphism (substitution G→A, designated as TNF1 and TNF2) and MS susceptibility in different populations, but the results of individual studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, per...