1.1 The VLSI Verification Problem Verification of integrated circuit design is a process that checks the implementation of the design against its specification and identifies design bugs. The view that design verification is subservient to design implementation has soon become invalid when designs become just moderately complex. It has been claimed that the verification complexity is growing at...

BACKGROUND Dynamic knee valgus contributes to injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, it is unclear how the knee rotates during dynamic knee valgus. Knee rotation significantly affects ACL strain. To understand knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus should help the clinician evaluate dynamic alignment. The purpose of this study was to determine how the knee rotates during d...

Abnormal foot mechanics is the most common cause of hallux abducto valgus. To date no quantitative data regarding the relationship between abnormal foot mechanics and the degree of hallux abducto valgus has been presented. An outline of the abnormal foot mechanics responsible for hallux abducto valgus is described along with a technique for measuring the extent of abnormal function. A common in...

BACKGROUND The severity of hallux valgus is easily appreciated by its clinical appearance, however x-ray measurements are also frequently used to evaluate the condition, particularly if surgery is being considered. There have been few large studies that have assessed the validity of these x-ray observations across a wide spectrum of the deformity. In addition, no studies have specifically focus...

BACKGROUND The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) is an important passive stabilizer to the valgus stresses that athletes experience during overhead throwing motion. However, the role of the flexor-pronator muscles as active stabilizers to valgus stress is not well defined in the literature. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relative contribution of the individual flexor-pr...

This article proposes a new calorimetry-based measurement method to measure absolute microwave power obtained through dc substituted from 110 170 GHz (WG 29, WR 6/7, or D-band) using custom-designed thin-film sensor. complements traditional microcalorimetry techniques used provide traceability for in this band while diversifying the potential applications and accessibility such traceability. Th...

Foot and ankle surgeons routinely perform surgery of the fi rst ray, such as correction of hallux valgus deformity. The complication rate in hallux valgus surgery ranges between 10% and 55%. 1 Although hallux valgus surgery is common, several common complications can occur that necessitate revision. There are several causes of hallux valgus surgery failure; often, potential complications can be...

Various techniques have been described for first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if cup and cone preparation by a single surgeon with an interfragmentary screw and dorsal plate fixation provides a comparable union rate in hallux valgus versus hallux rigidus. Our study included all patients who underwent first MTP joint fusions using cup an...