OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative apical ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure using a modified Rashkind double umbrella. DESIGN Descriptive study of all patients in whom intraoperative device closure of apical VSDs was attempted. SETTING A tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS Four patients with an apical VSD requiring closure, during the period January 19...

abstract   background: different methods of surgical treatment for acromioclavicular(ac) joint injury were considered in the literature. the purpose of the study was to compare intra- articular ac repair technique with the extra-articular coracoclavicular repair technique for the patients with rockwood type iii and vac joint injury when indicated.   methods: nineteen consecutive patients with r...

in state-investor dispute, investor tends that umbrella clause transfers all contractual claims to treaty claims. by contracts, state follows narrow interpretation of this clause. up to ilc articles, establishing of responsibility of state for breach of contract requires tow preconditions. first state is merely responsible when state condoct has been of governmental nature and second is that br...

The rise and fall of organizational effectiveness, an “umbrella construct” once at the forefront of organizational theory, is traced through four life-cycle stages: emerging excitement, the validity challenge, “tidying up with typologies,” and construct collapse. Although the study of effectiveness has declined, research on its component elements continues to thrive. Using the effectiveness sto...

Umbrella sampling is an efficient method for the calculation of free energy changes of a system along well-defined reaction coordinates. However, when there exist multiple parallel channels along the reaction coordinate or hidden barriers in directions perpendicular to the reaction coordinate, it is difficult for conventional umbrella sampling to reach convergent sampling within limited simulat...

Jellyfish collagen (JC) was extracted from jellyfish umbrella and hydrolyzed to prepare jellyfish collagen hydrolysate (JCH). The effects of JC and JCH on UV-induced skin damage of mice were evaluated by the skin moisture, microscopic analyses of skin and immunity indexes. The skin moisture analyses showed that moisture retention ability of UV-induced mice skin was increased by JC and JCH. Furt...