Embryo and hatchling survival diminish as turkey breeder hens age. Recent data indicated that a chelated calcium proteinate (CCP) additive given to turkey breeder hens improved embryo survival as hens aged but did not affect shell thickness. We hypothesized that the mechanism by which this occurred may be by improved functional shell quality and its consequent effect on cardiac physiology. To t...

Turkey hens can rapidly shift from a laying condition to one characterized by ovarian regression, incubation behavior, and hyperprolactinemia. Although remarkable changes occur in hormonal profiles as turkey hens pass from a laying to an incubating state, studies have not been undertaken to examine histochemical alterations of functionally relevant pituicytes in the adenohypophysis. The objecti...

Since 2003, triple reassortant (TR) swine H3N2 influenza viruses containing gene segments from human, avian, and swine origins have been detected in the U.S. turkey populations. The initial outbreak that occurred involved birds that were vaccinated with the currently available H3 swine- and avian-origin influenza vaccines. Antigenically, all turkey swine-lineage TR H3N2 isolates are closely rel...

The objective of the study was to describe the Salmonella prevalence in turkey flocks before and after the implementation of the Salmonella control program in Germany and to identify factors that are potentially associated with the presence of Salmonella in the flocks. To achieve this, all breeding flocks and a representative sample of the fattening flocks were tested for Salmonella. None of th...

From March 2001 to June 2002, a total of 981 samples of retail raw meats (chicken, turkey, pork, and beef) were randomly obtained from 263 grocery stores in Iowa and cultured for the presence of Enterococcus spp. A total of 1,357 enterococcal isolates were recovered from the samples, with contamination rates ranging from 97% of pork samples to 100% of ground beef samples. Enterococcus faecium w...

Effect of electron-beam irradiation on the quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) turkey ham was studied. Turkey hams were purchased from local stores and sliced into 0.5 cm-thick pieces and vacuum packaged. The ham samples were randomly separated into three groups and irradiated at 0, 1, or 2 kGy, and stored at 4 °C for up to 14 days. Volatiles, color, TBARS values and sensory characteristics were dete...

Olive, as a fruit, cannot be consumed directly due to the oleuropein substance it contains and needs to be processed into either table olives or olive oil through various production systems. Th e process of olive oil extraction results in olive oil as the main product, and two by-products, with olive pomace being one and brown-coloured Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) as the other. OMWW has no dire...

The use of defined probiotic cultures in the poultry industry has recently become more common. However, few conclusive studies regarding their efficacy under commercial conditions have been reported in the scientific literature. We conducted a study that included 118 commercial turkey hen lots, ranging from 1,542 to 30,390 hens per lot, of either Nicholas or Hybrid genetic lines, to look at the...