This study aims to explore the role of water retention behaviour in track degradation transition zone by examining influence content variation. A model railway bridge approach was built PLAXIS 3D simulate under diverse scenarios. wedge-shaped backfill with unbound granular material (UGM) simulated as a technical solution between abutment and open track. The most distinctive characteristic is th...

Substantial amounts of organic matter (OM) from terrestrial ecosystems are buried as sediments in inland waters. It is still unclear to what extent this OM constitutes a sink of carbon, and how much of it is returned to the atmosphere upon mineralization to carbon dioxide (CO2). The construction of reservoirs affects the carbon cycle by increasing OM sedimentation at the regional scale. In this...

Recently, a new approach to the symbolic model checking of timed automata based on a partial order semantics was introduced, which relies on event zones that use vectors of event occurrences instead of clock zones that use vectors of clock values grouped in polyhedral clock constraints. Symbolic state exploration with event zones rather than clock zones can result in significant reductions in t...

Abstract The procedure presented in this work aims at providing a framework for studying settlement of ballast zones with stiffness variation the railway track support. proposed results from expanding an existing infinite periodic model to account variations foundation. Ballast is simulated via linear lattice, whose dynamic response differs that continuum. expanded composed three regions: left ...

• Modelling of a ballastless track over an embankment-tunnel transition zone. Development hybrid methodology to simulate the degradation process track. Only 30% subgrade is contributing permanent deformation. Ballastless shows satisfactory long-term performance after 1 million loading cycles. Inclusion resilient mat under concrete slab reduces higher stresses at Railway zones are characterised ...