OBJECTIVES To synthesize methodologically comparable evidence from the published literature regarding the outcomes of tiered formularies and therapeutic reference pricing of prescription drugs. METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Clinical Evidence, Digital Dissertations & Theses, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (which incorporates ACP Journal Club, Coch...

In this paper, a heterogeneous network composed of femtocells deployed within a macrocell network is considered, and a quality-of-service (QoS)-oriented fairness metric which captures important characteristics of tiered network architectures is proposed. Using homogeneous Poisson processes, the sum capacities in such networks are expressed in closed form for co-channel, dedicated channel, and h...

The purpose of this paper is to stress the need for strategies in the framework of term-rewriting analysis of complexity classes. Independently our results can be conceived as a simplification and clarification of the results obtained in [6]. In particular, we introduce a new path order ≺pop for polynomial time computable functions, such that for a finite rewrite system R compatible with ≺pop, ...

The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of human reconstructed epidermis EpiSkin to assess the phototoxic potential of chemicals following topical or systemic treatment. Three categories of chemicals according to their available human phototoxic potential were evaluated: systemic phototoxic, topical phototoxic and non phototoxic chemicals. Products were applied topically or added to...

This paper first constructs a tiered network model of the interbank market. Then, from the perspective of contagion risk, it studies numerically the resilience of four types of interbank market network models to shocks, namely, tiered networks, random networks, small-world networks, and scale-free networks. This paper studies the interbank market with homogeneous and heterogeneous banks and ana...