Network technology based on the Internet Protocol has now advanced to the point that data traffic of any kind can be as reliably transported via Ethernet as it can via TDM. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of both TDM and Ethernet transport within the context of microwave radio communications. The paper further describes the operational advantages of Ethernet and Ethernet radio ...

Despite the fact that pharmacokinetic exposure of kinase inhibitors (KIs) is highly variable and clear relationships exist between exposure and treatment outcomes, fixed dosing is still standard practice. This review aims to summarize the available clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data into practical guidelines for individualized dosing of KIs through therapeutic drug monitoring (TD...

Medications used to treat and prevent seizures (antiepileptic medications, AEMs) have been commonly managed by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize efficacy and avoid toxicity (Neels et al., 2004; Patsalos et al., 2008). TDM has been applied mostly to the firstgeneration AEMs that have been used clinically in the United States and Europe for several decades, namely carbamazepine, ethos...

While therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) that uses blood as the biological matrix is the traditional gold standard, this practice may be impossible, impractical, or unethical for some patient populations (e.g., elderly, pediatric, anemic) and those with fragile veins. In the context of finding an alternative biological matrix for TDM, this manuscript will provide a qualitative review on: (1) the...

BACKGROUND Few studies have compared long-term status of bypass grafts between patients with and without diabetes, and uncertainty exists as to whether diabetes independently predicts poor clinical outcome after CABG. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 1526 patients in BARI who underwent CABG as initial revascularization, 99 of 292 (34%) with treated diabetes mellitus (TDM) (those on insulin or oral h...

Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) is a glycolipid component of the mycobacterial cell wall that causes immune responses in mice similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, including granuloma formation with production of proinflammatory cytokines. The precise roles of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, complement C5 and interleukin (IL)-6 in the molecular events that lead to the initi...

The aim of this study was to show the benefits of combining therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic analyses to optimize efavirenz (EFV) therapy. Patients were selected to minimize nongenetic differences between patients: 32 HIV adherent patients without drug interactions treated with an EFV nonindividualized dose over at least 1 year and included in a TDM program were genotyped a...

To deliver these multidimensional impacts, TDM must be embedded within quality assurance and development teams, alike. Moreover, TDM must also intersect with other disciplines such as release management, environment management and data security (see Figure 1). TDM acts as a conduit between development and QA teams. It also needs to interface with the disciplines shown in the diagram to deliver ...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) combined with time division multiplexing (TDM) bridges the conventional OFDM and single carrier (SC) transmission. For a coded OFDM/TDM system with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion in a frequency-selective fading channel, there is a trade-off between coding gain and frequency diversity effec...

Background. Infliximab (IFX) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) allows for objective decision making in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and loss of response. Questions remain about whether IFX TDM improves outcomes. Methods. Patients with IBD who had IFX TDM due to concerns for loss of response were considered for inclusion. Serum IFX trough concentration and anti-drug antibody (A...