washers, fans and other devices may be required. This kind of setup is typically a requisite for the warm air in the summer to create a comfortable environment for the passengers. The last type of ventilation is in the case of an emergency, like the times the train is caught in fire. This kind of situation requires larger amounts of ventilation, which needs to be provided by mechanical means. F...

(...) We examined the microbiological composition and abundance in space and time of bioaerosols collected in the Barcelona subway system during a cold period. (...) Multitag 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess bacterial community composition and biodiversity. The results showed low bioaerosol concentrations regarding the targeted microorganisms, although the bacterial bi...

Traditional public transport is evolving towards more flexible services and operation modes in order to better serve the needs of the population, capture additional demand, and increase its profitability. The transportation system that we study integrates traditional bus transportation and on-demand services. Demand-responsive lines provide a classical, scheduled, transportation service among a...

exposure to air pollutants, steel dust or other occupational and environmental hazards as oxidative stress have adverse effects on subway workers' health. oxidative stress generates an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ros) and oxygen free radicals during their work time in the tunnels. once dna is repaired, urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg) is excreted in the urine. therefor...

Urban rail transit, as an important part of a city, mainly includes series related transportation systems such subway systems, light and trams. It has the advantages energy conservation, land saving, large traffic volume, almost pollution-free, is backbone urban public transportation. However, there are many problems in operation maintenance transit vehicles, which require means to assist their...

Maintenance of subway tunnels and stations is one of the most difficult areas because of limited allowed inspection time and complex environment surrounding the infrastructures. Congested urban buildings and underground facilities make the construction and renovation of subway infrastructures more troublesome. In this paper, 3D information models including geometry models and their related info...